Russian forest sequesters substantially more carbon than previously reported.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and transition to a new forest inventory system, Russia has reported almost no change in growing stock (+ 1.8%) and biomass (+ 0.6%).

"Flora of Russia" on iNaturalist: a dataset.

Background: The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people were involved in the data collection.

New Information: Within 20 months, the participants accumulated 750,143 photo observations of 6,857 species of the Russian flora.

The impact of interventions in the global land and agri-food sectors on Nature's Contributions to People and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Interlocked challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation require transformative interventions in the land management and food production sectors to reduce carbon emissions, strengthen adaptive capacity, and increase food security. However, deciding which interventions to pursue and understanding their relative co-benefits with and trade-offs against different social and environmental goals have been difficult without comparisons across a range of possible actions. This study examined 40 different options, implemented through land management, value chains, or risk management, for their relative impacts across 18 Nature's Contributions to People (NCPs) and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Repurposing human kinase inhibitors to create an antibiotic active against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, persisters and biofilms.

New drugs are desperately needed to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Here, we report screening commercial kinase inhibitors for antibacterial activity and found the anticancer drug sorafenib as major hit that effectively kills MRSA strains. Varying the key structural features led to the identification of a potent analogue, PK150, that showed antibacterial activity against several pathogenic strains at submicromolar concentrations.

Which practices co-deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as "land challenges"). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges.

Neocarzilin A Is a Potent Inhibitor of Cancer Cell Motility Targeting VAT-1 Controlled Pathways.

The natural product neocarzilin A () was discovered decades ago, and despite its potent cytotoxic effects no mode of action studies have been performed up to date. Synthesis of neocarzilins A, B, and C and a stereoisomer of provided insights into structural preferences as well as access to probes for functional studies.  turned out to be the most active member and was not only effective against cell proliferation but also migration, a novel and so far overlooked activity.

Hydantoin analogs inhibit the fully assembled ClpXP protease without affecting the individual peptidase and chaperone domains.

Proteolysis mediated by ClpXP is a crucial cellular process linked to bacterial pathogenesis. The development of specific inhibitors has largely focused on ClpP. However, this focus was challenged by a recent finding showing that conformational control by ClpX leads to a rejection of ClpP binders.

Chemical Cross-Linking Enables Drafting ClpXP Proximity Maps and Taking Snapshots of In Situ Interaction Networks.

Detection of dynamic protein-protein interactions within complexes and networks remains a challenging task. Here, we show by the example of the proteolytic ClpXP complex the utility of combined chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to map interactions within ClpP and ClpX as well as across the enigmatic ClpX hexamer-ClpP heptamer interface. A few hot-spot lysines located in signature loops in ClpX were shown to be in proximity to several structural regions of ClpP providing an initial draft of the ClpX-ClpP interaction.

Selective Activation of Human Caseinolytic Protease P (ClpP).

Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is the proteolytic component of the ClpXP protein degradation complex. Eukaryotic ClpP was recently found to act within the mitochondria-specific unfolded protein response (UPR ). However, its detailed function and dedicated regulation remain largely unexplored.

Design and synthesis of tailored human caseinolytic protease P inhibitors.

Human caseinolytic protease P (hClpP) is important for degradation of misfolded proteins in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. We here introduce tailored hClpP inhibitors that utilize a steric discrimination in their core naphthofuran scaffold to selectively address the human enzyme. This novel inhibitor generation exhibited superior activity compared to previously introduced beta-lactones, optimized for bacterial ClpP.

Dual Inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Biofilm Attenuates Expression of Major Toxins and Adhesins.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen that invades and damages host tissue by the expression of devastating toxins. We here performed a phenotypic screen of 35 molecules that were structurally inspired by previous hydroxyamide-based S. aureus virulence inhibitors compiled from commercial sources or designed and synthesized de novo.

A Chemical Disruptor of the ClpX Chaperone Complex Attenuates the Virulence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The Staphylococcus aureus ClpXP protease is an important regulator of cell homeostasis and virulence. We utilized a high-throughput screen against the ClpXP complex and identified a specific inhibitor of the ClpX chaperone that disrupts its oligomeric state. Synthesis of 34 derivatives revealed that the molecular scaffold is restrictive for diversification, with only minor changes tolerated.

A chemical compound inhibiting the Aha1-Hsp90 chaperone complex.

The eukaryotic Hsp90 chaperone machinery comprises many co-chaperones and regulates the conformation of hundreds of cytosolic client proteins. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Hsp90 machinery has become an attractive therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer. The compounds used so far to target this machinery affect the entire Hsp90 system.

A Whole Proteome Inventory of Background Photocrosslinker Binding.

Affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP) is a widely applied method for the target identification of bioactive molecules. Probes containing photocrosslinkers, such as benzophenones, diazirines, and aryl azides, irreversibly link the molecule of interest to its target protein upon irradiation with UV light. Despite their prevalent application, little is known about photocrosslinker-specific off-targets, affecting the reliability of results.

An Aromatic Hydroxyamide Attenuates Multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus Toxin Expression.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes severe infections with only few effective antibiotic therapies currently available. To approach this challenge, chemical entities with a novel and resistance-free mode of action are desperately needed. Here, we introduce a new hydroxyamide compound that effectively reduces the expression of devastating toxins in various S.

Jet energy measurement and its systematic uncertainty in proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV with the ATLAS detector.

The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton-proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-[Formula: see text] algorithm with distance parameters [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], and are calibrated using MC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differences between data and MC simulations.

Reversible Inhibitors Arrest ClpP in a Defined Conformational State that Can Be Revoked by ClpX Association.

Caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) is an important regulator of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. A high-throughput screening for inhibitors of ClpP peptidase activity led to the identification of the first non-covalent binder for this enzyme class. Co-crystallization of the small molecule with S.

Two-particle Bose-Einstein correlations in collisions at [Formula: see text] 0.9 and 7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector.

The paper presents studies of Bose-Einstein Correlations (BEC) for pairs of like-sign charged particles measured in the kinematic range [Formula: see text] 100 MeV and [Formula: see text] 2.5 in proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.

Identification and energy calibration of hadronically decaying tau leptons with the ATLAS experiment in collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text].

This paper describes the trigger and offline reconstruction, identification and energy calibration algorithms for hadronic decays of tau leptons employed for the data collected from collisions in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC center-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]. The performance of these algorithms is measured in most cases with [Formula: see text] decays to tau leptons using the full 2012 dataset, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text].

Measurement of three-jet production cross-sections in [Formula: see text] collisions at 7 [Formula: see text] centre-of-mass energy using the ATLAS detector.

Double-differential three-jet production cross-sections are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] using the ATLAS detector at the large hadron collider. The measurements are presented as a function of the three-jet mass [Formula: see text], in bins of the sum of the absolute rapidity separations between the three leading jets [Formula: see text]. Invariant masses extending up to 5  TeV are reached for [Formula: see text].

Measurement of the top-quark mass in the fully hadronic decay channel from ATLAS data at [Formula: see text].

The mass of the top quark is measured in a data set corresponding to 4.6 [Formula: see text] of proton-proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events consistent with hadronic decays of top-antitop quark pairs with at least six jets in the final state are selected.

Measurement of the production and lepton charge asymmetry of [Formula: see text] bosons in Pb+Pb collisions at [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.

A measurement of [Formula: see text] boson production in lead-lead collisions at [Formula: see text] is presented. It is based on the analysis of data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2011 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.14 [Formula: see text] and 0.

A Minimal β-Lactone Fragment for Selective β5c or β5i Proteasome Inhibitors.

Broad-spectrum proteasome inhibitors are applied as anticancer drugs, whereas selective blockage of the immunoproteasome represents a promising therapeutic rationale for autoimmune diseases. We here aimed at identifying minimal structural elements that confer β5c or β5i selectivity on proteasome inhibitors. Based on the natural product belactosin C, we synthesized two β-lactones featuring a dimethoxybenzyl moiety and either a methylpropyl (pseudo-isoleucin) or an isopropyl (pseudo-valine) P1 side chain.

Search for [Formula: see text] decays in [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector.

A search for a massive [Formula: see text] gauge boson decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark is performed with the ATLAS detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] and corresponds to [Formula: see text] of integrated luminosity. This analysis is done in the hadronic decay mode of the top quark, where novel jet substructure techniques are used to identify jets from high-momentum top quarks.