Whole-genome comparison using complete genomes from strains revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms on non-genomic islands for subspecies differentiation.

Introduction: Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis (BGC), caused by subsp. venerealis, is a sexually transmitted bacterium that significantly impacts cattle reproductive performance. However, current detection methods lack consistency and reliability due to the close genetic similarity between subsp.

extracellular vesicles harboring cytolethal distending toxin bind host cell glycans and induce cell cycle arrest in host cells.

Unlabelled: Cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs) are released by Gram-negative pathogens into the extracellular medium as free toxin or associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). CDT production by the gastrointestinal pathogen has been implicated in colorectal tumorigenesis. Despite CDT being a major virulence factor for , little is known about the EV-associated form of this toxin.

A Guideline for Assessment and Characterization of Bacterial Biofilm Formation in the Presence of Inhibitory Compounds.

jejuni, a zoonotic foodborne pathogen, is the worldwide leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis. Biofilms are a significant reservoir for survival and transmission of this pathogen, contributing to its overall antimicrobial resistance. Natural compounds such as essential oils, phytochemicals, polyphenolic extracts, and D-amino acids have been shown to have the potential to control biofilms formed by bacteria, including spp.

Detection, characterization, and persistence of Campylobacter hepaticus, the cause of spotty liver disease in layer hens.

A Campylobacter species was first described as the etiological agent of Spotty Liver Disease (SLD) in 2015 and subsequently named as Campylobacter hepaticus in 2016. The bacterium predominantly affects barn and/or free-range hens at peak lay, is fastidious and difficult to isolate, which has impeded elucidation of its sources, means of persistence and transmission. Ten farms from South-Eastern Australia, of which 7 were free range entities participated in the study.

Diverse Sensory Repertoire of Paralogous Chemoreceptors Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4 in .

Campylobacter jejuni responds to extracellular stimuli via transducer-like chemoreceptors (Tlps). Here, we describe receptor-ligand interactions of a unique paralogue family of dCache_1 (double lcium channels and motaxis) chemoreceptors: Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Tlp2, Tlp3, and Tlp4 receptors may have arisen through domain duplications, followed by a divergent evolutionary drift, with Tlp3 emerging more recently, and unexpectedly, responded to glycans, as well as multiple organic and amino acids with overlapping specificities.

Extracellular c-di-GMP Plays a Role in Biofilm Formation and Dispersion of .

Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-diGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger involved in the regulation of many signalling systems in bacteria, including motility and biofilm formation. Recently, it has been reported that c-di-GMP was detected in C. jejuni DRH212; however, the presence and the role of c-di-GMP in other C.

[Medical rehabilitation in patients with anal incompetence after surgery for stage IV hemorrhoids].

Unlabelled: The choice of medical rehabilitation in patients with anal incontinence is impossible without diagnostic data revealing the mechanism of fecal incontinence. The most promising are programs of comprehensive physiotherapeutic rehabilitation based on biofeedback training. The rate of anal incompetence (AI) after hemorrhoidectomy is 1.

A Review of the Advantages, Disadvantages and Limitations of Chemotaxis Assays for spp.

Reproducible qualitative and quantitative assessment of bacterial chemotactic motility, particularly in response to chemorepellent effectors, is experimentally challenging. Here we compare several established chemotaxis assays currently used to investigate chemotaxis, with the aim of improving the correlation between different studies and establishing the best practices. We compare the methodologies of capillary, agar, and chamber-based assays, and discuss critical technical points, in terms of reproducibility, accuracy, and the advantages and limitations of each.

Biofilms: Potential of Natural Compounds to Disrupt Transmission.

Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by , the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for spp.

The dCache Chemoreceptor TlpA of Helicobacter pylori Binds Multiple Attractant and Antagonistic Ligands via Distinct Sites.

The Helicobacter pylori chemoreceptor TlpA plays a role in dampening host inflammation during chronic stomach colonization. TlpA has a periplasmic dCache_1 domain, a structure that is capable of sensing many ligands; however, the only characterized TlpA signals are arginine, bicarbonate, and acid. To increase our understanding of TlpA's sensing profile, we screened for diverse TlpA ligands using ligand binding arrays.

The chemoreceptor Tlp10 has a bimodal ligand-binding domain and specificity for multiple classes of chemoeffectors.

is a bacterial pathogen that is a common cause of enteritis in humans. We identified a previously uncharacterized type of sensory domain in the periplasmic region of the chemoreceptor Tlp10, termed the DAHL domain, that is predicted to have a bimodular helical architecture. Through two independent ligand-binding sites in this domain, Tlp10 responded to molecular aspartate, isoleucine, fumarate, malate, fucose, and mannose as attractants and to arginine, galactose, and thiamine as repellents.

Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by D-Amino Acids.

The ability of bacterial pathogens to form biofilms is an important virulence mechanism in relation to their pathogenesis and transmission. Biofilms play a crucial role in survival in unfavorable environmental conditions, acting as reservoirs of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. For intestinal pathogen , biofilms are considered to be a contributing factor in transmission through the food chain and currently, there are no known methods for intervention.

Assigning a role for chemosensory signal transduction in Campylobacter jejuni biofilms using a combined omics approach.

Biofilms of the gastroenteric pathogen C. jejuni may serve an important role in the transmission of infection from reservoirs of infection to humans. Herein, we undertook a combinatorial approach examining differential gene expression and protein abundance during biofilm formation in C.

Bridging the Gap: A Role for Biofilms.

is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the developed world. Cases of Campylobacteriosis are common, as the organism is an avian commensal and is passed on to humans through contaminated poultry meat, water, and food preparation areas. Although typically a fastidious organism, can survive outside the avian intestinal tract until it is able to reach a human host.

[Turcot syndrome and Gardner's syndrome in a female patient with familial colon adenomatosis. A case report and literature review].

Turcot syndrome is a rare hereditary syndrome characterized by a combination of brain tumors and colorectal cancer. According to the literature, about 150 such cases have been reported. This article presents a rare clinical case and a literature review.

RNA Sequencing Data Sets Identifying Differentially Expressed Transcripts during Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation.

is a foodborne pathogen and an important contributor to gastroenteritis in humans. readily forms biofilms which may play a role in the transmission of the pathogen from animals to humans. Herein, we present RNA sequencing data investigating differential gene expression in biofilm and planktonic These data provide insight into pathways which may be important to biofilm formation in this organism.

Cytolethal distending toxin induces the formation of transient messenger-rich ribonucleoprotein nuclear invaginations in surviving cells.

Humans are frequently exposed to bacterial genotoxins involved in digestive cancers, colibactin and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT), the latter being secreted by many pathogenic bacteria. Our aim was to evaluate the effects induced by these genotoxins on nuclear remodeling in the context of cell survival. Helicobacter infected mice, coculture experiments with CDT- and colibactin-secreting bacteria and hepatic, intestinal and gastric cells, and xenograft mouse-derived models were used to assess the nuclear remodeling in vitro and in vivo.

The role of chemotaxis during Campylobacter jejuni colonisation and pathogenesis.

Campylobacter jejuni is a ubiquitous gastrointestinal pathogen, transmitted to humans from birds and animals, where C. jejuni is part of normal intestinal flora. In C.

A peculiar case of Campylobacter jejuni attenuated aspartate chemosensory mutant, able to cause pathology and inflammation in avian and murine model animals.

An attenuated Campylobacter jejuni aspartate chemoreceptor ccaA mutant caused gross pathological changes despite reduced colonisation ability in animal models. In chickens, the pathological changes included connective tissue and thickening of the mesenteric fat, as well as the disintegration of the villus tips in the large intestine, whereas in mice, hepatomegaly occurred between 48-72 hours post infection and persisted for the six days of the time course. In addition, there was a significant change in the levels of IL-12p70 in mice infected with the C.

Identification of Specific Ligands for Sensory Receptors by Small-Molecule Ligand Arrays and Surface Plasmon Resonance.

Ligand-receptor interactions triggering signal transduction components of many sensory pathways, remain elusive due to paucity of high-throughput screening methods. Here we describe our use of small molecule microarrays comprising of small glycans, amino and organic acids, salts, and other known chemoeffectors, for screening of ligands specific to various sensory receptors, followed by surface plasmon resonance to verify the veracity and to determine the affinity constants of the interactions. This methodology allows for rapid and identification of the direct ligand binding between the sensory receptors and their specific ligands.

Two Spatial Chemotaxis Assays: The Nutrient-Depleted Chemotaxis Assay and the Agarose-Plug-Bridge Assay.

This chapter describes two spatial chemotaxis assays, the nutrient-depleted chemotaxis assay and agarose-plug-bridge assay, which enable the evaluation of putative chemoeffectors. These two assays have worked well with Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, and techniques for using these assays with these microbes are described.

New approach to distinguishing chemoattractants, chemorepellents and catabolised chemoeffectors for Campylobacter jejuni.

Unlabelled: Chemotactic behaviour is an important part of the lifestyle of motile bacteria and enables cells to respond to various environmental stimuli. The Hard Agar Plug (HAP) method is used to study the chemotactic behaviour of bacteria, including the fastidious microaerophile Campylobacter jejuni, an intestinal pathogen of humans. However, the traditional HAP assay is not quantitative, is unsuitable for chemotaxis observation over short time periods and for the investigation of repellent taxis, and is prone to false-positive and -negative results.

Deregulation of MicroRNAs in Gastric Lymphomagenesis Induced in the d3Tx Mouse Model of Infection.

infection is considered as an excellent model of chronic inflammation-induced tumor development. Our project focuses on gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) related to infection and mediated by the chronic inflammatory process initiated by the infection. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a new class of gene regulators, which play key roles in inflammation and carcinogenesis acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.

A New Animal Model of Gastric Lymphomagenesis: APRIL Transgenic Mice Infected by Helicobacter Species.

APRIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family involved in the regulation of B-cell immunity. We present a study of the infection by Helicobacter species of transgenic (Tg) C57BL6 mice, ectopically expressing the human form of APRIL. Wild-type (WT) and APRIL Tg mice were infected with Helicobacter felis and Helicobacter pylori and compared with noninfected animals.