Correction: Late date of human arrival to North America: Continental scale differences in stratigraphic integrity of pre-13,000 BP archaeological sites.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Early myocardial oedema can predict subsequent cardiomyopathy in high-dose anthracycline therapy.

Aims: This study aims to assess subclinical changes in functional and morphologic myocardial MR parameters very early into a repetitive high-dose anthracycline treatment (planned cumulative dose >650 mg/m ), which may predict subsequent development of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (aCMP).

Methods: Thirty sarcoma patients with previous exposition of 300-360 mg/m doxorubicin-equivalent chemotherapy who were planned for a second treatment of anthracycline-based chemotherapy (360 mg/m doxorubicin-equivalent) were recruited. Enrolled individuals received three CMR studies (before treatment, 48 h after first anthracycline treatment and upon completion of treatment).

Late date of human arrival to North America: Continental scale differences in stratigraphic integrity of pre-13,000 BP archaeological sites.

By 13,000 BP human populations were present across North America, but the exact date of arrival to the continent, especially areas south of the continental ice sheets, remains unclear. Here we examine patterns in the stratigraphic integrity of early North American sites to gain insight into the timing of first colonization. We begin by modeling stratigraphic mixing of multicomponent archaeological sites to identify signatures of stratigraphic integrity in vertical artifact distributions.

Modulation of Immunologic Response by Preventive Everolimus Application in a Rat CPB Model.

Everolimus (EVL) is widely used in solid organ transplantation. It is known to have antiproliferative and immunosuppressive abilities via inhibition of the mTOR pathway. Preventive EVL administration may lower inflammation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and reduce systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MPV17-NNH) revisited.

MPV17-related hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (previously known as Navajo neurohepatopathy) was discovered in children in the Four Corner's region of New Mexico approximately 40 years ago. This disease is associated with a single missense mutation in exon 2 in the gene. The syndrome has now been recognized world-wide.

Triple-deck analysis of transonic high Reynolds number flow through slender channels.

In this work, laminar transonic weakly three-dimensional flows at high Reynolds numbers in slender channels, as found in microsupersonic nozzles and turbomachines of micro-electro-mechanical systems, are considered. The channel height is taken so small that the viscous wall layers forming at the channel walls start to interact strongly rather than weakly with the inviscid core flow and, therefore, the classical boundary layer approach fails. The resulting viscous-inviscid interaction problem is formulated using matched asymptotic expansions and found to be governed by a triple-deck structure.

Evaluation of robotic assistance in neurosurgical applications.

An analysis of usability aspects and accuracy for three different methods of neurosurgical intervention-stereotaxy, neuro-navigation, and robotic assistance-was accomplished in a detailed study including clinicians with different experience levels. Accuracy tests with a specially designed phantom were performed under clinical conditions according to EN ISO 9283. Test scenarios were designed according to a realistic clinical work-flow for the brain biopsy process.

The histopathologic associates of neurometabolite abnormalities in fatal neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To determine the histopathologic basis of altered brain neurometabolites in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE).

Methods: Brain neurometabolite concentrations in a 20-voxel area of the brain were determined premortem by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 7 individuals with NPSLE. Absolute concentrations of neurometabolite for N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, creatine, and lactate were measured.

Magnetic resonance imaging and brain histopathology in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often demonstrates brain lesions in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). The present study compared postmortem histopathology with premortem MRI in NPSLE.

Methods: Two hundred subjects with NPSLE were studied prospectively with MRI over a 10-year period during which 22 subjects died.

Neuropathology of chronic GM2 gangliosidosis due to hexosaminidase A deficiency.

Autopsy studies of late-onset GM2 gangliosidosis are sparse and only one adult case is on record. The case of partial Hex A deficiency presented here started in childhood as spinal muscular atrophy which progressed slowly over 4 decades. Cognitive function remained intact throughout the entire course, but during the last few years of life allodynia supervened.

Comment on "Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas".

Waters and Stafford (Reports, 23 February 2007, p. 1122) provided useful information about the age of some Clovis sites but have not definitively established the temporal span of this cultural complex in the Americas. Only a continuing program of radiometric dating and careful stratigraphic correlations can address the lingering ambiguity about the emergence and spread of Clovis culture.

Risk analysis and safety assessment in surgical robotics: a case study on a biopsy robot.

One of the most important issues in medical robotics is safety and integration into the clinical workflow. If a robot is not safe and its use is complicated by difficult handling and complex user interfaces physicians would not use a robotic system during clinical patient trials, whatever the other advantages are. However, there are only few publications on this topic, in particular on risk management in developing a robotic prototype (for clinical trials).

Amyloid myopathy: characteristic features of a still underdiagnosed disease.

A 62-year-old man with progressive proximal weakness underwent extensive evaluation including muscle biopsy without a clear diagnosis being established. A repeat muscle biopsy including Congo red-stained sections revealed infiltration of blood-vessel walls and endomysium with amyloid protein, as well as an unusual pattern of pathologic changes to muscle fibers. From a review of 79 cases of amyloid myopathy reported in the English-language literature, the characteristic features of this disorder are described.

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by a dematiaceous scopulariopsis species.

This report describes a rapidly fatal case of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a 33-year-old immunocompetent male. The infection presented as a single large lesion in the deep white matter of one temporal lobe, which was then removed surgically. Histologic features observed in the lobectomy specimen were characterized by perivascular sleeves of mononuclear cells accompanied by hemorrhages.

Experimental influenza B viral myositis.

To investigate the pathogenesis of influenza myositis in animals, juvenile BALB/c mice were inoculated with influenza B/Lee virus intramuscularly into the right quadriceps muscle. Chicken normal allantoic fluid (NAF) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was injected into the left quadriceps of control mice and in some virus-infected mice. Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels rose significantly on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation (PI) in only virus-inoculated mice.

Lung cancer in a nonsmoking underground uranium miner.

Working in mines is associated with acute and chronic occupational disorders. Most of the uranium mining in the United States took place in the Four Corners region of the Southwest (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah) and on Native American lands. Although the uranium industry collapsed in the late 1980s, the industry employed several thousand individuals who continue to be at increased risk for developing lung cancers.

The influence of beta-adrenergic activation on noradrenergic alpha1 activation of rabbit afferent arterioles.

The aim of the present investigation was to examine the effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on smooth muscle calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in resting conditions and after administration of norepinephrine (NE) to stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors in isolated rabbit afferent arterioles loaded with the calcium-sensitive fluorescent probe fura-2. [Ca2+]i was evaluated in the proximal and distal parts of the arterioles. NE (4x10(-7) M) increased [Ca2+]i in both these regions.

Experimental influenza causes a non-permissive viral infection of brain, liver and muscle.

To determine whether some constitutional symptoms of influenza, such as headache, myalgia and nausea, could represent a viral infection of brain, muscle, and liver, we inoculated juvenile Balb/c mice intranasally with 103 plaque forming units of influenza B/Lee virus. Blood, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, and lung tissues were removed aseptically and assayed for infectivity by a plaque assay, viral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR), viral antigen by immunoperoxidase staining, and histologic changes by light microscopy. Mice became ill 2 - 3 days post inoculation (PI).

Radiation-induced blood-brain barrier damage in astrocytoma: relation to elevated gelatinase B and urokinase.

Successful management of brain tumors prolongs life, raising the risk of delayed injury secondary to the treatment. Radiation therapy, a mainstay of brain tumor treatment, can damage the cerebral blood vessels. Acutely a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be seen, but fibrosis complicates radiation injury in the chronic phase.

Calcium response to adenosine and ATP in rabbit afferent arterioles.

The effects of purine compounds in the renal vasculature are almost exclusively restricted to pre-glomerular vessels. Although their physiological role as extracellular messengers is not clear, there are extensive data indicating the importance of adenosine and ATP in the regulation of renal haemodynamics. This study was undertaken to characterize the calcium response of rabbit afferent arteriole to adenosine, ATP and other nucleotides.

Nitric oxide/cAMP interactions in the control of rat renal vascular resistance.

This study aimed to characterize the interaction between nitric oxide (NO)- and cAMP-related pathways in the control of renal blood flow. Using the isolated perfused rat kidney model, we determined the effects of inhibition of NO formation by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 1 mmol/L) and of NO administration by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 10 micromol/L) on renal vascular resistance under conditions of elevated vascular cAMP levels. cAMP levels were increased either by adenylate cyclase activation via isoproterenol or by inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) 1, 3, and 4.

AT1 receptor inhibition blunts angiotensin II-stimulated nitric oxide release in renal arteries.

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to modulate the vascular effects of angiotensin II (AngII) in the kidney. To investigate the effect of AngII on NO release, a new technique was used that employs an NO-sensitive microelectrode to measure NO release from the vascular endothelium of perfused renal resistance arteries (tertiary branches of the renal artery or primary arcuate arteries) in vitro. The vessels were microdissected from isolated perfused rat kidneys, cannulated, and perfused at constant flow and pressure with Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution.

Fibrocartilagenous embolism: an unusual cause of spinal cord infarction.

A 14-year-old girl experienced sudden onset of weakness progressing rapidly to paralysis. She died 7 days later from a massive pulmonary thromboembolus. Autopsy revealed extensive infarction of the spinal cord with a fibrocartilaginous embolus of the corresponding segment of the anterior spinal artery.

Autosomal dominant cerebral arteriopathy: neuropsychiatric syndrome in a family.

Though familial vascular leukoencephalopathy was described two decades ago, recent studies focus on a disorder termed Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), a dominantly inherited disorder causing recurrent strokes and eventual dementia. The phenotypic boundaries of CADASIL remain indistinct and novel clinical features continue to arise in the literature. However, the associated histopathology is fairly consistent, typically demonstrating granular thickening of cerebral arterioles.