Correction to: Mealtime insulin bolus adherence and glycemic control in adolescents on insulin pump therapy.

The Abstract section and the in the Results sections of the original version of this article, unfortunately, contained errors. The correct data are now shown in this article.

Mealtime insulin bolus adherence and glycemic control in adolescents on insulin pump therapy.

Poor self-management contributes to insufficient glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We assessed the effects on glycemic control of adherence to self-measurement of blood glucose (SMBG) and insulin boluses in 90 adolescents with T1DM on insulin pump therapy over a 2-month period. We compared the number of insulin boluses and SMBGs around main meals to the "gold standard" of optimal diabetes management (SMBGs and a bolus before each main meal and SMBG before bedtime).

Diagnosing orthostatic hypotension with continuous and interval blood pressure measurement devices.

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a drop in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of ≥20 mm Hg and/or a drop in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of ≥10 mm Hg within 3 min of standing. The international guidelines recommend ideally diagnosing OH with a continuous blood pressure (BP) measurement device, although in daily practice interval BP measurement devices are used more often. We aimed to investigate the difference in observed prevalence of OH between an interval and a continuous BP measurement device.

Gender differences in the evaluation of care for patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study (ZODIAC-52).

Background: Little is known about the association between patient-related factors and patients' evaluation of care. Aim was to investigate which patient-related factors are associated with patients' evaluation of care in men and women with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary care.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1102 patients with T2D from 52 general practices.

Sex differences in survival of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care (ZODIAC-50).

Objective: To investigate sex differences in survival of primary care treated patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Netherlands.

Setting: Primary care.

Participants: A total of 1815 patients who participated in a prospective observational cohort study (Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes Project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC)) were included of which 56% was female.

Within-class differences in cancer risk for sulfonylurea treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-55) - a study protocol.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk for developing cancer. As approximately 8% of the world's population is living with T2D, even a slight increase in cancer risk could result in an enormous impact on the number of persons developing cancer. In addition, several glucose lowering drug classes for treating patients with T2D have been associated with a difference in risk of cancer overall, and especially for obesity related cancers.

Is orthostatic hypotension related to falling? A meta-analysis of individual patient data of prospective observational studies.

Background: orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one out of many risk factors believed to contribute to an increased fall risk in elderly subjects but it is unclear whether an independent association between OH and falling exists.

Objectives: to perform an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of prospective observational studies investigating the relationship between OH and falling.

Design: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the abstracts of annual meetings of selected hypertension societies were searched.

Lifestyle and emotional well-being in men and women with type 2 diabetes (e-VitaDM-4; ZODIAC-48).

Background: Whether lifestyle is associated with well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is largely unknown. Uncovering and clarifying associations between these constructs may lead to new strategies for improving both.

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and well-being, focussing on gender differences.

Patient Activation in Type 2 Diabetes: Does It Differ between Men and Women?

Aim was to investigate whether the degree of patient activation of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is different between men and women. Furthermore, we investigated which factors are associated with patient activation in men and women. This cross-sectional study included 1615 patients with T2D from general practices.

Addition of sulphonylurea to metformin does not relevantly change body weight: a prospective observational cohort study (ZODIAC-39).

Aim: To investigate changes in body weight trajectories after the addition of individual sulphonylureas (SUs) to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study, in a primary care setting in the Netherlands. Patients aged ≥18 years with type 2 diabetes who were included in the ZODIAC cohort between 1998 and 2012 and who received metformin monotherapy at inclusion (n = 29 195), and had used metformin as monotherapy for at least 1 year before receiving dual therapy through the addition of an SU for at least 1 year were eligible for inclusion.

Inflammation biomarkers and mortality prediction in patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-27).

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) are inflammation markers associated with long-term mortality risk. We compared the associations and predictive capacities of CRP, PCT and MR-proADM with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study included primary care treated patients with type 2 diabetes participating in the ZODIAC cohort study.

Orthostatic changes in blood pressure and mortality in a nursing home population.

Objective: Hypertension, orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension (OHT) are highly prevalent in old age. The associations in the very elderly and frail patients between blood pressure, and especially orthostatic changes in blood pressure, and mortality are unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationships between orthostatic changes in blood pressure, blood pressure and mortality in nursing home residents.

High-sensitive troponin T is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in stable outpatients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-37).

Background: We aimed to investigate whether high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in stable type 2 diabetes (T2D) outpatients treated in primary care.

Methods: Cardiac troponin T was measured with a high-sensitive assay at baseline in patients with T2D participating in the observational ZODIAC study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the relationship between hs-cTnT and mortality with adjustment for selected confounders.

Validity of an Accelerometer-Based Activity Monitor System for Measuring Physical Activity in Frail Older Adults.

This study aimed to investigate the validity of the accelerometer-based DynaPort system to detect physical activity in frail, older subjects. Eighteen home-dwelling subjects (Groningen Frailty Indicator [GFI] score ≥ 4, ≥ 75 years) were included. Activities in their home environment were simultaneously observed by two researchers and measured with the DynaPort system during six consecutive hours.

Sex Differences in the Quality of Diabetes Care in the Netherlands (ZODIAC-45).

Objective: Our aim was to investigate whether trends in quality of diabetes care differ between sexes in the Netherlands from 1998 till 2013.

Research Design And Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study quality of care was measured using process and outcome measures in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Trend and absolute differences between sexes were investigated for patients <75 years.

Dutch diabetes prevalence estimates (DUDE-1).

Background: Recent decades have seen a constant upward projection in the prevalence of diabetes. Attempts to estimate diabetes prevalence rates based on relatively small population samples quite often result in underestimation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the Dutch diabetes prevalence estimate of 930 000 for 2013, based on a relatively small sample, still holds true when a larger population is studied using actual prevalence data.

Demographical, Clinical, and Psychological Characteristics of Users and Nonusers of an Online Platform for T2DM Patients (e-VitaDM-3/ZODIAC-44).

Background: Online platforms offer opportunities for support in changing lifestyle and taking responsibility for one's health, but engaging patients with type 2 diabetes is challenging. Previous studies have shown that patients interested in platforms were more often male, younger, and higher educated. This study aims to investigate differences in clinical and psychological characteristics between users and nonusers of a newly developed platform.

Validation of the howRu and howRwe questionnaires at the individual patient level.

Background: The howRu and howRwe are new short questionnaires which are meant to measure health-related quality of life and patient experience. However, validation at the individual patient level has not yet taken place. We aimed to investigate the validity of both questionnaires at the individual patient level.

Serum Proenkephalin A Levels and Mortality After Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (ZODIAC-32).

Background: Two previous studies concluded that proenkephalin A (PENK-A) had predictive capabilities for stroke severity, recurrent myocardial infarction, heart failure and mortality in patients with stroke and myocardial infarction.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the value of PENK-A as a biomarker for predicting mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included from the prospective observational ZODIAC (Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available Care) study.

Is the association of serum sodium with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes explained by copeptin or NT-proBNP? (ZODIAC-46).

Background And Aims: Hyponatremia has been associated with an increased mortality risk in the general population. Diabetes is a condition predisposing for elevated levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and heart failure, both common causes of hyponatremia. These factors, however, are also associated with an increased mortality risk.