[Psychogenic and somatic interactions in diabetes mellitus].

As a result of 10-year follow-up study of 250 patients with diabetes mellitus, type I (58) and type II (192) 4 predictable psychological crises have been singled out: the first one was related to reaction to the diagnosis; the second--to the assignment of insulin therapy; the third--to the development of diabetes complications and the fourth--to hospitalization and a subsequent communication with other, more "experienced", patients. In the progress of the disease, an interaction of psychogenic, somatic and personality factors caused development of psycho-somatic cycles (psycho-somatic balancing according to H. Baruk), which is realized in 3 variants: predominantly psychogenic, predominantly somatic and psycho-somatic.

[Treatment of insomnia in patients with borderline mental diseases].

Zolpidem, non-benzodiazipine preparation, was used for therapy of 56 patients with insomnia. 4 groups of patients were treated: a) with a prevalence of asthenic symptomatology in psychogenic disorders; b) with polymorphic neurotic symptomatology and autonomic disorders; c) with affective pathology of neurotic level; d) with nervous anorexia and bulimia. Zolpidem was quite effective in all groups of patients in terms of normalization of falling asleep, improvement of quality of sleep without changing of daily activity.

[Characteristics of mental disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

Peculiarities of mental disorders in patients with rheumatic arthritis were studied in 70 patients aged 20-60 years. The most typical mental disorders were: asthenic symptomatology, depressive phenomena with anxiety, fears, ideas of self-accusation, a peculiar variation of the syndrome of dysmorphophobia due to defects of appearance, stable disorders of sleep, psychopathic-like disorders and, quite frequently, manifestations of psycho-organic syndrome.

[A role of psychosomatic cycles in genesis of psychosomatic diseases].

900 patients with different psychosomatic diseases were observed. A leading mechanism of the pathology development was found to be formation (through the period of psychosomatic reactions) of mono- and polysystemic psychosomatic cycles responsible for the development of both primary and secondary psychosomatoses in context of a single psychosomatic continuum. On the basis of neurotic depression, at first, primary psychosomatosis developed.

[Obsessive-phobic disorders in anorexia and bulimia nervosa].

The data on 1500 patients with syndrome of anorexia and bulimia nervosa were summarised in terms of clinical-psychopathological, catamnestic and experimental-psychological investigation. This syndrome was considered as one disease which presented the variation of borderline mental pathology or the manifestation of schizophrenic process. Obsessive-phobic disorders were observed in majority of patients (95%).

[Borderline mental disorders in diabetes mellitus].

124 patients with diabetes mellitus were examined in hospital of endocrine profile. The borderline mental disorders were revealed in 115 cases (92,7%) in the form of neurosis-like disturbances and pathological development of personality. Asthenic, asthenohypochondriac, asthenodepressive, obsessive and hysteroformic syndromes were diagnosed in patients with neurosis-like disorders.

[Variants of psychosomatic personality development in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

612 patients with different psychosomatic disorders of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were examined. They included either 200 patients with organic stomach disease or with duodenal ulcer as well as 412 individuals with various functional disorders of GIT such as psychogenic vomiting, dysphagia, gastralgia and colon irritability syndrome. In 70% of all cases patientc relatives (1-3 degree of relationship) had also some psychosomatic diseases.

Anorexia nervosa as manifested in Russia.

The authors describe current theoretical and clinical conceptualizations and treatment of anorexia nervosa in Russia, based on their experience in the follow-up of 800 patients. Three-quarters of the patients exhibited anorexia nervosa linked with a border-line state, and one-quarter associated with schizophrenia. Different relationships to dysmorphophobic fears were observed in the different anorexic groups.

[Effects of carnitine and cobamamide on the dynamics of mental work capacity in patients with anorexia nervosa].

The authors relate the results of studying intellectual work fitness in patients with anorexia nervosa (in the stage of cachexia) receiving the vitamin-like drugs carnitine and cobamamide. It has been shown that the long-term food deprivation leads to a reduction of intellectual work fitness, lability of productivity, fluctuations in the work quality, appearance of latent fatigue. In spite of the fact that standard nonspecific treatment ameliorates intellectual work fitness, it does not lead to its normalization.

[Characteristics of families of patients with anorexia nervosa (psychocorrective measures)].

The paper is concerned with an examination of the families of patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and the role they play in rehabilitation and resocialization of patients. 103 families (103 patients and 268 persons from their family environment) were examined. 65 patients suffered from anorexia nervosa of schizophrenic etiology and 38 from anorexia nervosa as a borderline disease.

[Association of schizophrenia and Recklinghausen's disease].

Two cases of associated Recklinghausen's disease and different forms of schizophrenia (sluggish psychopathlike and shift-like paranoid) are described. Of special interest was the fact that such association was observed in two brothers. Based on the clinical material suggested, the conclusion was made about the modifying influence of the organism process in Recklinghausen's disease (brain gliosis) on the schizophrenic process, thereby creating certain difficulties in the diagnosis.

[Conditions for developing mental disorders in myocardial infarction].

Conditions for mental disorders formation at different stages of the underlying disease have been specified as a result of clinico-psychopathological, clinico-catamnestic and experimental psychological studies carried out in 55 patients with myocardial infarction. The authors show an important role of the clinical features of myocardial infarction in the formation of asthenic symptomatology and affective pathology in the acute period of myocardial infarction. In the subacute period of the illness, the premorbid characteristics and psychotraumatic factors preceding the disease exert a noticeable effect on the development of depressive and ++astheno-hypochondriac disorders.

[Bulimic disorders in anorexia nervosa].

As many as 108 patients with anorexia nervosa were examined. Of these, 83 patients manifested bulimic symptomatology. In all the examined patients, the formation of bulimic symptomatology was preceded by the typical dynamics of the syndrome of anorexia nervosa in the form of the stage of dysmorphophobia-dysmorphomania, of the stage of looks correction with the aid of different methods of weight reduction, and of the stage of an appreciable body weight decrease with marked secondary ++somato-endocrine abnormalities up to cachexia.

[Clinico-psychological correlations of mental rigidity in anorexia nervosa].

A study was made of mental rigidity in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa and their relatives using the Tomsk rigidity questionnaire. Based on examinations of 40 patients with anorexia nervosa, 22 of whom suffered from schizophrenia, 18 with borderline pathology (16 with an active method of weight losing, 24 with the bulimic variant of anorexia nervosa) and of 58 close relatives (mothers, fathers, sisters) the data were obtained on the level of mental rigidity. In the patients' group, it was found to depend to a greater measure on the stage of anorexia nervosa, whereas in the relatives, on the nosological appurtenance of the syndrome in their children.

[Clinico-experimental substantiation of the use of carnitine and cobalamin in the treatment of anorexia nervosa].

The effects of carnitine and cobamamide were studied at the unspecific stage of anorexia nervosa treatment. Carnitine and cobamamide accelerated the amelioration of the patients' somatic state (body weight gain, gastrointestinal functions normalization). Experimental psychological technique of involved deciphering discovered that latent fatigue disappeared and mental performance sharply increased under carnitine and cobamamide treatment.

[Psychosomatic disorders of the colon].

The clinical and experimental psychological examination of 90 patients with the syndrome of the excitable colon has demonstrated that this pathology is a typical psychosomatic disorder. The dynamics of the disorder may involve three stages: psychosomatic reactions, psychosomatic cycles and psychopathization. The treatment of the syndrome should be conducted in accordance with the disease stage.

[Various approaches to the detection of latent depression].

For the purpose of identifying masked depression the authors propose the use of a modified and adapted Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire. The Questionnaire consists of 5 blocks of questions and allows the identification of such personality characteristics and psychopathologic manifestations as anxiety, depression, somatization of anxiety, obsession and phobia. The normal parameters have been established following the examination with the help of this Questionnaire of 400 healthy subjects (200 males and 200 females).

[Characteristics of the development and course of psychosomatic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

Clinical and experimental psychological examination of 340 patients with various psychosomatic abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract has demonstrated that functional and organic psychosomatoses have a uniform type of the development determined by identity of personality characteristics, homogeneity of responses to stress, stereotypy of psychopathological disorders (mostly of upper registry ones) with the formation of peculiar psychogenic somatogenic cycles. Formation of the latter leads to expansion of the spectrum of psychosomatic responsiveness due to the addition of other psychosomatic abnormalities (hypertension, angina pectoris, skin and sexual disturbances, etc.).