Intergenerational transfer of binge eating-like behavior: The additive impact of juvenile stress.

Binge eating (BE) is consuming large amounts of food in a short time, while experiencing loss of control over eating behavior. BE can be hereditary, and juvenile stress (JS) may contribute to its onset. We examined the impact of JS on BE-like behavior, in an animal model of intergenerational BE.

Fetal endocrine axes mRNA expression levels are related to sex and intrauterine position.

Background: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and -gonadal (HPG) axes are two major pathways that connect the neural and endocrine systems in vertebrates. Factors such as prenatal stress and maternal exposure to exogenous steroids have been shown to affect these pathways during fetal development. Another less studied factor is the transfer of hormones across fetuses in multifetal pregnancies.

Living fast, dying young: Anthropogenic habitat modification influences the fitness and life history traits of a cooperative breeder.

Anthropogenic habitat modification can indirectly effect reproduction and survival in social species by changing the group structure and social interactions. We assessed the impact of habitat modification on the fitness and life history traits of a cooperative breeder, the Arabian babbler (Argya squamiceps). We collected spatial, reproductive and social data on 572 individuals belonging to 21 social groups over 6 years and combined it with remote sensing to characterize group territories in an arid landscape.

Fathers and sons, mothers and daughters: Sex-specific genetic architecture for fetal testosterone in a wild mammal.

Testosterone plays a critical role in mediating fitness-related traits in many species. Although it is highly responsive to environmental and social conditions, evidence from several species show a heritable component to its individual variation. Despite the known effects that in utero testosterone exposure have on adult fitness, the heritable component of individual testosterone variation in fetuses is mostly unexplored.

Evolving Trends and Economic Burden of Benzodiazepine Use: Insights From a 10-Year Predictive Model.

Objectives: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are widely prescribed in Croatia to treat anxiety, insomnia, mood disorders, and epileptic seizures. Long-term BZD use is associated with memory loss, Alzheimer's disease, dependence, addiction, falls in elderly populations, and increased traffic accident risk.

Methods: Drug consumption data were obtained from the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia website.

The interaction between cortisol and testosterone predicts leadership within rock hyrax social groups.

Group movement leadership is associated with higher risks for those in the front. Leaders are the first to explore new areas and may be exposed to predation. Individual differences in risk-taking behavior may be related to hormonal differences.

Free-living gerbils with higher testosterone take fewer risks.

Among the physiological differences between the sexes are circulating androgen levels. Testosterone (T) is an androgen that has been linked to aggression and risk-taking in male vertebrates, so that males with higher T are generally more aggressive and take more risks. In females, T is not often measured, and its relationship with behaviour has been less studied.

Assessing the quality of data for drivers of disease emergence.

Drivers are factors that have the potential to directly or indirectly influence the likelihood of infectious diseases emerging or re-emerging. It is likely that an emerging infectious disease (EID) rarely occurs as the result of only one driver; rather, a network of sub-drivers (factors that can influence a driver) are likely to provide conditions that allow a pathogen to (re-)emerge and become established. Data on sub-drivers have therefore been used by modellers to identify hotspots where EIDs may next occur, or to estimate which sub-drivers have the greatest influence on the likelihood of their occurrence.

Recommendations for the coordination of Neurology and Neuroradiology Departments in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Coordination between neurology and neuroradiology departments is crucial for performing and interpreting radiological studies as efficiently and as accurately as possible. However, improvements can be made in the communication between these departments in many Spanish hospitals.

Towards a Safe Human-Robot Collaboration Using Information on Human Worker Activity.

Most industrial workplaces involving robots and other apparatus operate behind the fences to remove defects, hazards, or casualties. Recent advancements in machine learning can enable robots to co-operate with human co-workers while retaining safety, flexibility, and robustness. This article focuses on the computation model, which provides a collaborative environment through intuitive and adaptive human-robot interaction (HRI).

Antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on rat models of orofacial pain.

Background: Nociceptive and inflammatory orofacial pain is highly prevalent in the population, which justifies the search for safer analgesics. There is increasing evidence of the analgesic and anxiolytic potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LAV EO), which may represent, when administered through inhalation, may represent a safer alternative for pain treatment.

Objective: to evaluate whether LAV EO has antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, and anti-hyperalgesic and anxiolytic-like effects in rats subjected to a model of orofacial postoperative pain.

High-resolution tracking of hyrax social interactions highlights nighttime drivers of animal sociality.

Network structure is a key driver of animal fitness, pathogen transmission, information spread, and population demographics in the wild. Although a considerable body of research applied network analysis to animal societies, only little effort has been devoted to separate daytime and nighttime sociality and explicitly test working hypotheses on social structures emerging at night. Here, we investigated the nighttime sociality of a wild population of rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis) and its relation to daytime social structure.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Concomitant with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Are Therapeutically Effective in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) In Vivo Model.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are electric fields that exert physical forces to disrupt cellular processes critical for cancer cell viability and tumor progression. TTFields induce anti-mitotic effects through the disruption of the mitotic spindle and abnormal chromosome segregation, which trigger several forms of cell death, including immunogenic cell death (ICD). The efficacy of TTFields concomitant with anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD-1) treatment was previously shown in vivo and is currently under clinical investigation.

Male rock hyraxes that maintain an isochronous song rhythm achieve higher reproductive success.

Rhythmic stability (nonrandom temporal structure) is required for many neural and physiological functions, whereas rhythmic irregularities can indicate genetic or developmental deficiencies. Therefore, rhythmic courtship or contest signals are widespread in nature as honest advertisement displays. Examination of bird songs revealed the pervasiveness of categorical rhythmic patterns that can be described as small integer ratios between sequential inter-call intervals.

Continuity of psychopathology resilience across the transition to adolescence: role of hair cortisol and sensitive caregiving.

Background: The transition to adolescence implicates heightened vulnerability alongside increased opportunities for resilience. Contexts of early life stress (ELS) exacerbate risk; still, little research addressed biobehavioral mediators of risk and resilience across the adolescent transition following ELS. Utilizing a unique cohort, we tested biosocial moderators of chronicity in adolescents' internalizing disorders resilience.

Sex-associated and context-dependent leadership in the rock hyrax.

In many mammalian species, both sexes may take leadership role, but different traits may play a role in determining variation within species. Here we examine the effect of sex on leadership. We present three complementary datasets derived from a well-studied population of wild rock hyrax ().

Lung targeted liposomes for treating ARDS.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), associated with Covid-19 infections, is characterized by diffuse lung damage, inflammation and alveolar collapse that impairs gas exchange, leading to hypoxemia and patient' mortality rates above 40%. Here, we describe the development and assessment of 100-nm liposomes that are tailored for pulmonary delivery for treating ARDS, as a model for lung diseases. The liposomal lipid composition (primarily DPPC) was optimized to mimic the lung surfactant composition, and the drug loading process of both methylprednisolone (MPS), a steroid, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, reached an encapsulation efficiency of 98% and 92%, respectively.

Trigeminal neuropathic pain reduces 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats, which are restored by analgesic drugs.

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of neuropathic pain frequently associated with anxiety. The chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) of rodents is a well-established model to study sensory alterations related to TN. However, few studies have addressed the emotional component of pain, which is fundamental to increase its translational capability.

Nanoparticles Accumulate in the Female Reproductive System during Ovulation Affecting Cancer Treatment and Fertility.

Throughout the female menstrual cycle, physiological changes occur that affect the biodistribution of nanoparticles within the reproductive system. We demonstrate a 2-fold increase in nanoparticle accumulation in murine ovaries and uterus during ovulation, compared to the nonovulatory stage, following intravenous administration. This biodistribution pattern had positive or negative effects when drug-loaded nanoparticles, sized 100 nm or smaller, were used to treat different cancers.

Attentional networks during the menstrual cycle.

The menstrual cycle is characterized partially by fluctuations of the ovarian hormones estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), which are implicated in the regulation of cognition. Research on attention in the different stages of the menstrual cycle is eclectic with discrepancies in attention definitions, and the three attentional networks (alerting, orienting and executive) and their interaction were not explored during the menstrual cycle. In the current study, we used the ANT-I (attentional network test - interactions) to examine naturally cycling women (NC) and women using oral contraceptives (OC).

Gestational diabetes mellitus in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies - Clinical and placental histological characteristics.

Introduction: We aimed to investigate obstetric and neonatal outcomes and placental histological findings in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as compared to unassisted pregnancies.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of deliveries at a single university affiliated center between 12/2008 and 01/2020. Included were singleton pregnancies complicated by GDM, for which placental histopathological examination was performed.

Residential greenness and hair cortisol levels during the first trimester of pregnancy.

Background And Aim: Studies have shown that increased maternal cortisol level is associated with child adverse health outcomes. Hair cortisol (HC) is suitable for assessing long-term circulating cortisol concentration. Only two previous studies reported beneficial associations between cortisol and residential greenness during pregnancy and no study focused on the first trimester.

Blockade of kappa opioid receptors reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain.

It has been shown that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists, such as nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), have antinociceptive effects in some pain models that affect the trigeminal system. Also, its anxiolytic-like effect has been extensively demonstrated in the literature. The present study aimed to investigate the systemic, local, and central effect of nor-BNI on trigeminal neuropathic pain using the infraorbital nerve constriction model (CCI-ION), as well as to evaluate its effect on anxiety-like behavior associated with this model.

Do boars compensate for hunting with higher reproductive hormones?

The predation-stress hypothesis has been proposed as a general mechanism to explain the negative effect of predation risk on reproduction, through a chronic activation of the stress response. However, in some cases, stress appears to augment the reproductive potential of mammals. Wild boar () populations are on a rise worldwide, despite the high hunting pressure that they are exposed to.