Direct Determination of Torsion in Twisted Graphite and MoS Interfaces.

The design space of two-dimensional materials is undergoing significant expansion through the stacking of layers in non-equilibrium configurations. However, the lack of quantitative insights into twist dynamics impedes the development of such heterostructures. Herein, we utilize the lateral force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope cantilever and specially designed rotational bearing structures to measure the torque in graphite and MoS interfaces.

Graphene-InSe van der Waals Heterojunction Neuristor for Optical In-Memory Bimodal Operation.

Functional diversification at the single-device level has become essential for emerging optical neural network (ONN) development. Stable ferroelectricity harnessed with strong light sensitivity in α-InSe holds great potential for developing ultrathin neuromorphic devices. Herein, we demonstrated an all-2D van der Waals heterostructure-based programmable synaptic field effect transistor (FET) utilizing a ferroelectric α-InSe nanosheet and monolayer graphene.

Valley-addressable monolayer lasing through spin-controlled Berry phase photonic cavities.

The spin-valley coupling between circularly polarized light and valley excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides provides the opportunity to generate and manipulate spin information by exploiting the valley degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate a room-temperature valley-addressable tungsten disulfide monolayer laser in which the spin of lasing is controlled by the spin of pump without magnetic fields. This effect was achieved by integrating a tungsten disulfide monolayer into a photonic cavity that supports two orthogonal spin modes with high quality factors.

Altered ubiquitin signaling induces Alzheimer's disease-like hallmarks in a three-dimensional human neural cell culture model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by toxic protein accumulation in the brain. Ubiquitination is essential for protein clearance in cells, making altered ubiquitin signaling crucial in AD development. A defective variant, ubiquitin B + 1 (UBB), created by a non-hereditary RNA frameshift mutation, is found in all AD patient brains post-mortem.

Spin-valley Rashba monolayer laser.

Direct-bandgap transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are appealing candidates to construct atomic-scale spin-optical light sources owing to their valley-contrasting optical selection rules. Here we report on a spin-optical monolayer laser by incorporating a WS monolayer into a heterostructure microcavity supporting high-Q photonic spin-valley resonances. Inspired by the creation of valley pseudo-spins in monolayers, the spin-valley modes are generated from a photonic Rashba-type spin splitting of a bound state in the continuum, which gives rise to opposite spin-polarized ±K valleys due to emergent photonic spin-orbit interaction under inversion symmetry breaking.

Edge-Based Two-Dimensional α-InSe-MoS Ferroelectric Field Effect Device.

Heterostructures based on two-dimensional materials offer the possibility to achieve synergistic functionalities, which otherwise remain secluded by their individual counterparts. Herein, ferroelectric polarization switching in α-InSe has been utilized to engineer multilevel nonvolatile conduction states in a partially overlapping α-InSe-MoS-based ferroelectric semiconducting field effect device. In particular, we demonstrate how the intercoupled ferroelectric nature of α-InSe allows to nonvolatilely switch between - and -- type junction configurations based on a novel edge state actuation mechanism, paving the way for subnanometric scale nonvolatile device miniaturization.

Thy1 marks a distinct population of slow-cycling stem cells in the mouse epidermis.

The presence of distinct stem cells that maintain the interfollicular epidermis is highly debated. Here, we report a population of keratinocytes, marked by Thy1, in the basal layer of the interfollicular epidermis. We find that epidermal cells expressing differential levels of Thy1 display distinct transcriptional signatures.

THY1-mediated mechanisms converge to drive YAP activation in skin homeostasis and repair.

Anchored cells of the basal epidermis constantly undergo proliferation in an overcrowded environment. An important regulator of epidermal proliferation is YAP, which can be controlled by both cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Here, we report that THY1, a GPI-anchored protein, inhibits epidermal YAP activity through converging molecular mechanisms.

Fetomaternal microchimerism in tissue repair and tumor development.

In various placental mammals, the bidirectional exchange of cells during pregnancy can lead to the acquisition of genetically unique cells that can persist in both mother and child for decades. Over the years, it has become increasingly clear that this phenomenon, termed fetomaternal microchimerism may play key roles in a number of biological processes. In this perspective, we explore the concept of fetomaternal microchimerism and outline how fetal microchimeric cells are detected and immunologically tolerated within the maternal setting.

Use of Health Information Exchange in the Continuity of Care as Viewed by Patients and Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Patients' attitudes toward sharing their personal health information are critical for implementation of health information exchange. Nurses contribute significantly to information sharing within the care continuum in hospitals and community. This study aimed to examine the awareness and readiness of patients with chronic illness and nurses to the use health information exchange.

Edge State Quantum Interference in Twisted Graphitic Interfaces.

Zigzag edges in graphitic systems exhibit localized electronic states that drastically affect their properties. Here, room-temperature charge transport experiments across a single graphitic interface are reported, in which the interlayer current is confined to the contact edges. It is shown that the current exhibits pronounced oscillations of up to ≈40 µA with a dominant period of ≈5 Å with respect to lateral displacement that do not directly correspond to typical graphene lattice spacing.

Bright excitonic multiplexing mediated by dark exciton transition in two-dimensional TMDCs at room temperature.

2D-semiconductors with strong light-matter interaction are attractive materials for integrated and tunable optical devices. Here, we demonstrate room-temperature wavelength multiplexing of the two-primary bright excitonic channels (A-, B-) in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) arising from a dark exciton mediated transition. We present how tuning dark excitons an out-of-plane electric field cedes the system equilibrium from one excitonic channel to the other, encoding the field polarization into wavelength information.

Apoptotic cells represent a dynamic stem cell niche governing proliferation and tissue regeneration.

Stem cells (SCs) play a key role in homeostasis and repair. While many studies have focused on SC self-renewal and differentiation, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism regulating SC elimination and compensation upon loss. Here, we report that Caspase-9 deletion in hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) attenuates the apoptotic cascade, resulting in significant temporal delays.

Modulating the Optoelectronic Properties of MoS by Highly Oriented Dipole-Generating Monolayers.

The noncovalent functionalization of two-dimensional materials (2DMs) with bespoke organic molecules is of central importance for future nanoscale electronic devices. Of particular interest is the incorporation of molecular functionalities that can modulate the physicochemical properties of the 2DMs via noninvasive external stimuli. In this study, we present the reversible modulation of the photoluminescence, spectroscopic properties (Raman), and charge transport characteristics of molybdenum disulfide (MoS)-based devices via photoisomerization of a self-assembled monolayer of azobenzene-modified triazatriangulene molecules.

In Situ Observation of Low-Power Nano-Synaptic Response in Graphene Oxide Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy.

Multiple studies have reported the observation of electro-synaptic response in different metal/insulator/metal devices. However, most of them analyzed large (>1 µm ) devices that do not meet the integration density required by industry (10  devices/mm ). Some studies emploied a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to explore nano-synaptic response in different materials, but in this setup there is a nanogap between the insulator and one of the metallic electrodes (i.

Dipole-Induced Raman Enhancement Using Noncovalent Azobenzene-Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers on Graphene Terraces.

Graphene is a promising material in the field of interface science, especially for noncovalent functionalization, sensing, and for applications in catalysis and nanoelectronics. The noncovalent self-assembly of aromatic molecules on graphene promotes electronic coupling through π-π interactions that allows for quenching of the fluorescence of adsorbent molecules and the enhancement of their Raman spectra via graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (GERS). Although recent work has explored the Raman enhancement on mono- and bilayer graphene, the layer dependence of both electronic phenomena (i.

YAP and β-Catenin Cooperate to Drive Oncogenesis in Basal Breast Cancer.

Targeting cancer stem cells (CSC) can serve as an effective approach toward limiting resistance to therapies. While basal-like (triple-negative) breast cancers encompass cells with CSC features, rational therapies remain poorly established. We show here that the receptor tyrosine kinase Met promotes YAP activity in basal-like breast cancer and find enhanced YAP activity within the CSC population.

Quantitative Cryo-TEM Reveals New Structural Details of Doxil-Like PEGylated Liposomal Doxorubicin Formulation.

Nano-drugs based on nanoparticles (NP) or on nano-assemblies as carriers of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) are often expected to perform better compared to conventional dosage forms. Maximum realization of this potential though requires optimization of multiple physico-chemical, including structural and morphological, parameters. Meaningful distributions of these parameters derived from sufficient populations of individual NPs rather than ensemble distributions are desirable for this task, provided that relevant high-resolution data is available.

Maskless Device Fabrication and Laser-Induced Doping in MoS Field Effect Transistors Using a Thermally Activated Cyclic Polyphthalaldehyde Resist.

We present a novel maskless device fabrication technique for rapid prototyping of two-dimensional (2D)-based electronic materials. The technique is based on a thermally activated and self-developed cyclic polyphthalaldehyde (c-PPA) resist using a commercial Raman system and 532 nm laser illumination. Following the successful customization of electrodes to form field effect transistors based on MoS monolayers, the laser-induced electronic doping of areas beneath the metal contacts that were exposed during lithography was investigated using both surface potential mapping and device characterization.

Scalable Integration of Coplanar Heterojunction Monolithic Devices on Two-Dimensional InSe.

The formation of lateral heterojunction arrays within two-dimensional (2D) crystals is an essential step to realize high-density, ultrathin electro-optical integrated circuits, although the assembling of such structures remains elusive. Here we demonstrated a rapid, scalable, and site-specific integration of lateral 2D heterojunction arrays using few-layer indium selenide (InSe). We use a scanning laser probe to locally convert InSe into InO, which shows a significant increase in carrier mobility and transforms the metal-semiconductor junctions from Schottky to ohmic type.