Aggravating effect of atorvastatin on indomethacin-induced gastric injury: Focus on PGE2, TNF-α, neutrophils and iNOS.

Statins are suggested to possess healing properties due to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects in animal ulcer models. In contrary, a clinical report indicated the formation of gastric ulcer by the use of atorvastatin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of atorvastatin (0.

Redox homeostasis of albumin in relation to alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid.

Albumin represents the predominant circulating antioxidant agent in plasma exposed to continuous oxidative stress and a change in serum albumin structure accounts for its antioxidant properties. Alterations in the redox status of albumin may result in impairments of its biological properties. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring thiol compound found in virtually all species, is a potent antioxidant with high efficacy which is also involved in the chelation of metal ions, regeneration of antioxidants, and repair of oxidatively damaged proteins.

Variations in systemic biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress and DNA damage before and during the consequent two cycles of chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.

Background: Previous studies have suggested the importance of redox regulation in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of altered redox homeostasis and oxidative DNA damage in patients with breast carcinoma before and during two cycles of chemotherapy.

Methods: This study included 30 patients whose serum samples were obtained on admission before treatment, and after the first and second cycles of chemotherapy, and 20 controls.

Antiapoptotic effect of angiotensin-II type-1 receptor blockade in renal tubular cells of hyperoxaluric rats.

In this study, we investigated the protective effect of losartan as an AT1 receptor antagonist by evaluating the expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes that contribute to the progressive damage in the renal tubules of hyperoxaluric rats. Rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 each; control (C), ethylene glycol (EG), ethylene glycol + losartan (EG + L) and Losartan (L). For 4 weeks 0.

Expressions of some vital molecules: glioblastoma multiforme versus normal tissues.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess plasma and/or tissue levels of adhesion and apoptotic molecules, cytokines, nitric oxide metabolites, levels of lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and controls.

Methods: All the molecules were evaluated in 25 tumors and 30 controls: 15 were normal healthy subjects for plasma and 15 were normal brain tissues that were collected during autopsy. Commercially available kits for measurements were used.

Effects of erucic acid supplemented feeding on chronic doxorubucin toxicity in rats.

One of the undesired complications of the chemotherapy with doxorubicin is cardiotoxicity. Cardiac effect of erucic acid, which is a member of omega-9 fatty acid, is investigated on doxorubicin treatment in this study. Forty-eight rats were divided into eight groups and each group contained six rats.

Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition by sildenafil citrate in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Sildenafil, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)5, has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles supplying the human corpus cavernosum acting via nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sildenafil citrate on the extent of tissue integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status and neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed organ in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Lung fibrosis was induced by intratracheal administration of 0.

Influence of intermittent hypobaric exposure on SOD and TBARS levels in trained rats.

Live high train low (LHTL) is a well-known training model for preparation of competitions. In this study, the thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined in heart, lung and muscle tissues of rats. They were intermittently exposed to hypobaric pressure of 523 mmHg, corresponding to an altitude of 3,000 m, and they performed swim training at sea level.

The effect of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on acetic acid-induced colonic inflammation in the rat.

Background And Aim: Sildenafil, a selective and potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)5, has a relaxant effect on the smooth muscle cells of the arterioles supplying the human corpus cavernosum acting via nitric oxide (NO)-dependent mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of sildenafil citrate on the extent of tissue integrity, oxidant-antioxidant status and neutrophil infiltration to the inflamed organ in a rat model of acetic acid-induced colitis.

Methods: Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 1 mL of 5% acetic acid to Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g; n = 7-8/group).

Alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in different types of intracranial tumors within their relative peritumoral tissues.

Objectives: Elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and changes in the concentration of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems have been reported in various cancers, but there are very few reports available of lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress in patients with intracranial neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to assess alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in different types of tumors and to compare the results with their relative peritumoral tissues and compare the oxidative status in different grades of tumors.

Patients And Methods: We investigated the extent of oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidants in 16 astrocytomas and 38 other different types intracranial tumors comparing the results with their corresponding peritumoral tissues and comparing the levels in between low-grade and high-grade tumors.

Expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in tumors of patients with glioblastoma multiforme and transitional meningioma.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) is the major transcriptional factor involved in the adaptive response to hypoxia. The aim of this study was to assess HIF-1alpha in 22 patients with transitional meningioma (TM) and 26 patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). HIF-1alpha was assessed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based HIF-1 transcription factor assay.

The effects of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide production and superoxide dismutase expression in hyperglycemic rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objectives: Recent studies have revealed that nitric oxide (NO) in concert with lipid peroxidation (LP) may play an important role in pathophysiological mechanism(s) of cerebral ischemia. In addition, hyperglycemia exaggerates the pathological changes during cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E (VE) on LP, NO production, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in hyperglycemic rats after cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury.

Relationship between DNA damage and total antioxidant capacity in patients with transitional meningioma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess oxidative DNA damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patients with transitional meningioma (TM) and to compare the results with normal brain tissues.

Patients And Methods: Oxidative DNA damage and TAC were evaluated in TM extracted from 22 patients and in normal brain tissues of 15 subjects who underwent autopsy within first 4h of death. Oxidative DNA damage was assessed by measuring 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) using the 8-OH-dG enzyme immunoassay kit, a quantitative assay for 8-OH-dG, and TAC was analyzed using the ImAnOx colorimetric test system for the determination of antioxidative capacity.

Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and protein oxidation in patients with glioblastoma multiforme and transitional meningioma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRx) and protein oxidation (POx) levels in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and transitional meningioma (TM) and to compare with normal brain tissues.

Methods: GPx, GRx and POx levels were measured in 48 brain tumors obtained during surgery and 15 normal brain tissues that were collected during autopsy. Results were compared between two groups.

Detection of caspase-3, neuron specific enolase, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore whether or not the levels of caspase-3 (Casp3), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: This prospective clinical study consisted of 20 patients who experienced recent aneurysmal SAH and 15 control patients who experienced hydrocephalus without any other central nervous system disease. CSF and serum samples obtained within the first 3 days, and on the fifth and seventh days of SAH were assayed for Casp3, NSE, and hsCRP by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in murine visceral larva migrans: effects on lung and liver damage.

The roles of nitric oxide production and oxidative process were studied in mice infected with Toxocara canis and treated with aminoguanidine which is a specific inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Relations of nitric oxide synthase inhibition and tissue pathology were assessed by biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical methods. In experiments, Balb/c albino mice were inoculated with T.

Effect of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis.

Background: Several medications have been tested with the aim of decreasing oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on dialysis. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of vitamin E therapy on oxidative stress and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in patients on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods: This was a placebo-controlled study.

Changes of nitric oxide synthase-containing nerve fibers and parameters for oxidative stress after unilateral cavernous nerve resection or manuplation in rat penis.

After pelvic surgeries such as radical prostatectomy, two major complications--urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction (ED) may occur. Etiologies for ED are multiple pathologic mediators/systems. Oxidative stress, which is known to be induced after surgical trauma, could be a cause of ED.

GSM base station electromagnetic radiation and oxidative stress in rats.

The ever increasing use of cellular phones and the increasing number of associated base stations are becoming a widespread source of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. Some biological effects are likely to occur even at low-level EM fields. In this study, a gigahertz transverse electromagnetic (GTEM) cell was used as an exposure environment for plane wave conditions of far-field free space EM field propagation at the GSM base transceiver station (BTS) frequency of 945 MHz, and effects on oxidative stress in rats were investigated.

YKL-40 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary results.

YKL-40 is a newly discovered matrix protein thought to be secreted during the acute stages of inflammation. Clinical studies have revealed that YKL-40 has growth factor and potent migration factor activity for cells involved in inflammation and tissue remodeling processes. It has recently been speculated that YKL-40 may serve as a specific serologic marker of neutrophil function at the site of acute tissue inflammation.

Cerebrospinal fluid superoxide dismutase and serum malondialdehyde levels in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary results.

Objectives: Experimental studies provide evidence that oxidative damage plays a role in the development of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) but data from human studies is still limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) changes in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

Methods: SOD in CSF and MDA in the serum were detected on days 1-3, 5 and 7 after aneurysmal SAH in 21 patients, and the results were compared with 15 patients with hydrocephalus.

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide and evaluation of the brain tissue damage induced by Toxocara canis larvae in experimentally infected mice.

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to be produced by macrophages, endothelial cells and neurons and synthesized by an enzyme called nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Various effector mechanisms and infections can affect the NO production. Excessive amount of NO will lead to biochemical reactions, which cause toxic effects.

Detection of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Object: The aim of this study was to explore whether levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods: This prospective clinical study focused on 21 patients who had recently suffered an SAH due to aneurysmal rupture and 15 control patients with hydrocephalus who had no other central nervous system disease. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples obtained within the first 3 days and on the 5th and 7th days of SAH were assayed for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Effects of melatonin on plasma S-nitrosoglutathione and glutathione in streptozotocin-treated rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on plasma reduced glutathione (GSH) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) levels. Further, the study investigated whether an antioxidant, pineal hormone melatonin, could protect against STZ-induced effects. STZ significantly decreased plasma GSH but increased the levels of plasma GSNO.

The effect of halofuginone, a specific inhibitor of collagen type 1 synthesis, in the prevention of esophageal strictures related to caustic injury.

Background: To assess the effects of halofuginone, a specific inhibitor of synthesis of collagen type 1, which is the major constituent of fibrosis, on esophageal stricture formation due to caustic ingestion.

Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four equal groups: control group; sham laparotomy group; caustic injury without treatment group; caustic injury with halofuginone treatment group. Caustic injuries were done by 50% sodium hydroxide.