The Effectiveness of Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography in the Differentiation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms: A Single-Center Experience.

Background/aims: Radiological imaging advancements have led to a rise in pancreatic cyst diagnoses. Apart from imaging modalities, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an important method in the diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical, laboratory, biochemical, radiological, and endosonographic features of pancreatic cysts and to assess the effectiveness of EUS and computed tomography (CT) in differentiating between neoplastic and nonneoplastic cysts.

Extended survival in a case of metastatic choroidal melanoma with immunotherapy.

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Despite advances in local treatments, approximately 50% of all cases eventually die from metastatic disease. In cases with metastasis, 2- and 5-year survival rates are approximately 10% and <1%, respectively.

Use of Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography to Differentiate between Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor and Leiomyoma Localized in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract.

Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have malignant potential. Distinction of GISTs from leiomyoma is important to the decision of follow-up or treatment for upper gastrointestinal tract subepithelial lesions (SELs). There are few studies on the evaluation of gastrointestinal SELs with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) elastography.

Importance of mediastinal granulomatous/sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy in extrathoracic malignancies.

Background: In patients with extrathoracic malignancies (ETM), granulomatous lymph adenopathy called sarcoid-like reactions (SLR) can be seen in the regional or draining lymph nodes. We hypothesized that SLR may be a sign of imminent metastasis and investigated the clinical course and rate of recurrence in patients with ETM and granulomatous mediastinal lymphadenopathy (MLN).

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical files of patients with known ETM and who underwent EBUS-TBNA for initial staging or detection of recurrence from 2011 to 2023.

Familial Clinical Heterogeneity of Medullary Thyroid Cancer with Germline RET S891A Protooncogene Mutation: 7-Year Follow-up with Successful Sorafenib Treatment.

Hereditary forms of Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) are rare. Different phenotypes with the same mutation may be due to differences in the timing of RET activation steps, additional mutations in other regions of the gene, or the co-occurrence of germline and somatic mutations, which is an infrequent possibility. Here, we aim to present the different features and difficulties in the follow-up of three family members with the same germline mutation.

The relationship between clinicopathological parameters and PD-L1 expression level in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Clinicopathological parameters related to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels have been investigated in several studies. However, the results of these studies are conflicting and vary in different populations. This study aimed to investigate the relation of clinicopathological parameters with PD-L1 expression level in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Evaluation of lung cancer biomarkers profile for the decision of targeted therapy in EBUS-TBNA cytological samples.

Background: Guidelines recommend performing biomarker tests for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), BRAF and ROS proto-oncogene-1(ROS1) genes and protein expression of programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) in patients with non-small lung cell carcinoma (NSCLC). Studies reported that endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) can provide sufficient material for cancer biomarker analyses, but there are still concerns about the subject.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the adequacy of EBUS-TBNA for testing lung cancer biomarkers.

Is endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) reliable and safe procedure in geriatric patients?

Background: Even though studies have indicated the usefulness and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), elderly patient data are limited due to the small sample sizes.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate usage and safety of EBUS-TBNA in elderly population.

Methods: This single-center retrospective study was conducted with patients who underwent an EBUS-TBNA procedure between September 2011 and December 2019.

Calcitonin levels in washout samples vs. cytology in the detection of malignant lymph node metastasis in recurrent medullary thyroid cancer.

Background/aim: Calcitonin level in fine-needle aspirate washout fluid (Ct-FNA) was extensively studied for thyroid nodules and lymph nodes (LN). However, the data was scarce for neck recurrences/metastases of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of Ct-FNA and cytology in the detection of neck LN metastases of recurrent MTC cases were assessed.

Contribution of small tissue biopsy and flow cytometry to preoperative cytological categorization of salivary gland fine needle aspirates according to the Milan System: Single center experience on 287 cases.

Background: Milan system for reporting salivary gland cytopathology (MSRSGC) was proposed to provide a standardized reporting system for salivary gland fine needle aspiration biopsies. Modified Menghini type semi-automatic aspiration biopsy needles provide small tissue fragments (STFs), as well as cellular smears, and immunohistochemical and molecular studies can be performed using the STFs.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the contribution of STFs and ancillary techniques to pre-operative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.

Transretinal biopsy via 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for retinal and choroidal tumors: cytopathological results, surgical complications, and patient outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the cytopathological results, surgical complications, and patient outcomes after transretinal biopsy (TRB) for diagnosis of retinal/choroidal tumors METHODS: Records of 40 cases who underwent TRB via 23-gauge (23 G) pars plana vitrectomy between March 2011 and March 2020 were reviewed.

Study Design: Retrospective.

Results: Twenty-six (65.

The influence of thyroid nodule size on the diagnostic efficacy and accuracy of ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Background: Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in large and subcentimeter nodules is still debated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of nodule size on efficacy of the ultrasound-guided FNAC.

Methods: B-mode grayscale ultrasound (US), US-guided FNAC according to Bethesda system and histopathological data of 514 nodules from 371 patients, who underwent thyroidectomy were examined retrospectively.

Diagnostic Value of S100p, IMP3, Maspin, and pVHL in the Differantial Diagnosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Normal/chronic Pancreatitis in Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy.

Introduction: Differentiation between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from benign mimickers is a well-known problem in cytological materials. Recent studies incorporated biological markers into this question and some studies showed that expression of S100P, IMP3, and maspin as well as nonexpression of von Hippel-Lindau gene product (pVHL) were significantly correlated with PDAC. In this study, we aimed to investigate diagnostic value of maspin, IMP3, S100P, and pVHL immunostaining in fine needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) of pancreatic lesions.

Are thyroid nodules with spongiform morphology always benign?

Objective: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy for evaluation of spongiform nodules ≥20 mm or observation without FNA was recommended by American Thyroid Association. However, this was a weak recommendation supported by moderate quality evidence. We aimed to assess malignancy risk in spongiform nodules.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma: Is it feasible?

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), has an aggressive course and in untreated patients median survival is limited to three months. For relapsed PCNSL, the treatment options are few and results are usually unsatisfactory. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) has been widely used for treatment of relapsed/refractory NHL patients.

An Unusual Cause of Oligoarthritis and Erythema Nodosum: Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is an unusual benign inflammatory disease of breast. Breast cancer mimics IGM both radiologically and clinically. However, IGM is a benign disease and awareness of such an entity prevents unnecessary surgical procedures.

Diagnostic accuracy and safety of CT-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of pulmonary lesions with non-coaxial technique: a single center experience with 442 biopsies.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy of pulmonary lesions with fine needle aspiration (FNA) using non-coaxial technique.

Methods: We analyzed 442 patients who underwent CT-guided lung biopsy with FNA and non-coaxial technique to determine the diagnostic outcomes, complication rates, and independent risk factors for diagnostic failure and pneumothorax.

Results: Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 97.

A case of acanthosis nigricans as a paraneoplastic syndrome with squamous cell lung cancer.

A 55-year-old man presented with oral mucosal ulcers, blackening of both hands, and hyperpigmentation on axillary, anal, and inguinal regions for the last 3 months, which were all progressive. The patient was referred to the oncology department with the diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans for investigation of an underlying malignancy. He was a smoker.

Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma: Radiological and Cytological Overview.

Background: Intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma is a benign and very rare mesenchymal neoplasm of the lymph nodes originating from differentiated smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts.

Case Report: We report a case of intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma in an 84-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease that presented as a left inguinal mass. The diagnosis was made using ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and consequent cytopathological examination that included immunohistochemical analysis.

Aspergillus Thyroiditis after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Aspergillus thyroiditis is a rare disorder detected in immunocompromised patients during disseminated infections. Early management is essential to prevent high mortality. A 61-year-old allogeneic stem cell male recipient presented with painful thyroid nodular enlargement.

Mediastinal schwannoma with atypical localization diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound.

Introduction: Schwannoma is a peripheral nerve sheath tumor usually originating from the posterior mediastinum. Because schwannomas can exhibit high fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography, they cannot be distinguished from malignant tumors.

Objectives: We present this case to stress the importance of endobronchial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary masses with rare occurrence and different localization.

Secondary Neoplasms in Children with Hodgkin's Lymphoma Receiving C-MOPP and Radiotherapy: Presentation of Four Cases.

Patients who survive Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are at increased risk of secondary neoplasms (SNs). A wide variety of SNs have been reported, including leukemias, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and solid tumors, specifically breast and thyroid cancers. Herein we report subsequent neoplasms in four patients with HL receiving chemoradiotherapy.