Coarse graining and criticality in the human connectome.

In the face of the stupefying complexity of the human brain, network analysis is a most useful tool that allows one to greatly simplify the problem, typically by approximating the billions of neurons making up the brain by means of a coarse-grained picture with a practicable number of nodes. But even such relatively small and coarse networks, such as the human connectome with its 100-1000 nodes, may present challenges for some computationally demanding analyses that are incapable of handling networks with more than a handful of nodes. With such applications in mind, we set out to study the extent to which dynamical behavior and critical phenomena in the brain may be preserved following a severe coarse-graining procedure.

Global excitability and network structure in the human brain.

We utilize a model of Wilson-Cowan oscillators to investigate structure-function relationships in the human brain by means of simulations of the spontaneous dynamics of brain networks generated through human connectome data. This allows us to establish relationships between the global excitability of such networks and global structural network quantities for connectomes of two different sizes for a number of individual subjects. We compare the qualitative behavior of such correlations between biological networks and shuffled networks, the latter generated by shuffling the pairwise connectivities of the former while preserving their distribution.

Network analysis of the human structural connectome including the brainstem.

The underlying anatomical structure is fundamental to the study of brain networks, but the role of brainstem from a structural perspective is not very well understood. We conduct a computational and graph-theoretical study of the human structural connectome incorporating a variety of subcortical structures including the brainstem. Our computational scheme involves the use of Python DIPY and Nibabel libraries to develop structural connectomes using 100 healthy adult subjects.

Tuning the quantumness of simple Bose systems: A universal phase diagram.

We present a comprehensive theoretical study of the phase diagram of a system of many Bose particles interacting with a two-body central potential of the so-called Lennard-Jones form. First-principles path-integral computations are carried out, providing essentially exact numerical results on the thermodynamic properties. The theoretical model used here provides a realistic and remarkably general framework for describing simple Bose systems ranging from crystals to normal fluids to superfluids and gases.

Long-term follow-up of eye growth in pediatric patients after unilateral cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive status, axial length, and refractive power of the cornea in pediatric patients after unilateral cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation.

Methods: Refractive state, refractive power of cornea, and axial length were measured both in the operated and nonoperated eyes in 15 patients (age at surgery = 5 to 15 years; mean, 10.3) before and 4 to 15 years (mean, 9.

Giant basal cell carcinoma: improvement in the quality of life after extensive resection.

We describe a rare case of giant basal cell carcinoma which invaded the orbital tissue and the anterior skull base. Though the eyeball in the right orbit was preserved with the tumour at the patient's request, the improvement in the quality of the patient's life was achieved.

[Intraocular lens power calculation and refractive change in pediatric cases].

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular power calculation formula for children and the change of the refraction.

Subject And Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 66 pediatric cases with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation after cataract extraction and results of questionnaire of the Japanese Association of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Japanese Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery. We employed four IOL power calculation formulae(SRK, SRK II, SRK/T, Holladay) to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative prediction of refraction.

Intraocular lens power calculation for lens exchange.

Purpose: To examine patients who had intraocular lens (IOL) exchange for large postoperative refractive errors and determine the factors that contributed to the error in IOL power calculation.

Setting: Thirteen affiliated hospitals in Japan.

Methods: This study comprised 34 cases that required IOL exchange because of large refractive errors after primary lens implantation.

Intraocular lens implantation in a child with monocular cataract and anterior persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

A 3-year-old girl had phacoemulsification during which the presence of anterior persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) was discovered. Visual rehabilitation comprised contact lens use for 1 year. However, visual acuity deteriorated gradually because of secondary cataract formation.

A case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus following systemic treatment for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

A 29-year-old man developed acute visual impairment, cough, and headache. Both eyes showed serous retinal detachment in the posterior fundus. Fluorescein angiography showed subretinal pooling of fluorescein in the late phase.

Diplopia after cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the cause of diplopia after cataract surgery.

Setting: Cataract surgery at 7 hospitals and examination of diplopia at a central eye hospital.

Methods: This study comprised 18 eyes of 17 patients with diplopia that developed after cataract surgery in which retrobulbar anesthesia was used.

[Accuracy of intraocular power calculation formulas].

Purpose: We examined the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas, with special emphasis on the prediction of refraction in different axial lengths.

Material And Methods: 786 cases were subdivided into four groups based on the axial length (short axial length < 22.0 mm, normal axial length = 22-24.

Rad52 associates with RPA and functions with rad55 and rad57 to assemble meiotic recombination complexes.

We show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae recombination protein Rad52 and the single-strand DNA-binding protein RPA assemble into cytologically detectable subnuclear complexes (foci) during meiotic recombination. Immunostaining shows extensive colocalization of Rad52 and RPA and more limited colocalization of Rad52 with the strand exchange protein Rad51. Rad52 and RPA foci are distinct from those formed by Rad51, and its meiosis-specific relative Dmc1, in that they are also detected in meiosis during replication.

Analysis of preoperative factors predictive of visual acuity in axial myopia.

Purpose: To identify the factors predicting visual acuity after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia.

Setting: Departments of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine and Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.

Methods: Stepwise regression analysis was used to identify the factors determining the visual acuity in 940 eyes with an axial length of 27.

Intraocular lens power calculation for microphthalmos.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive results and accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas in eyes with microphthalmos.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Methods: The accuracy of IOL power calculated using the SRK, SRK II, S-SRK, SRK/T, Holladay, and Hoffer Q formulas was evaluated in six eyes with axial lengths less than 19.

[Intraocular lens power calculation for short eye].

The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas for short eyes was examined. We examined 217 eyes with an axial length of shorter than 22.5 mm, with postoperative visual acuity of 0.

[An intraocular lens power calculation for high myopia].

The accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas for the axial high myopia were examined, especially regarding the point of the predictive refraction. We examined 170 eyes with axial lengths of 27 mm or longer, with postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or more, and postoperative astigmatism of less than +/- 2D.

Preferred postoperative refraction after cataract surgery for high myopia.

Eighty-four patients (121 eyes) with high myopia who had cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation completed a survey on preferred postoperative refraction. Forty-two percent of the sample reported that they were accustomed to removing their glasses to read a newspaper or book. These respondents were fitted with soft contact lenses and their refraction changed to 0 D, -3.

[The retinal image of three multifocal intraocular lenses through an eye model].

Retinal images produced by two types of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) were studied using an eye model. One of them was a refractive IOL with five zones, and the other was a diffractive lens. The IOLs were inserted into an eye model with a pupil diameter of 3 mm.

Experimental study of small intraocular lenses using an eye model.

Contrast and glare tests were performed on small intraocular lenses (IOLs) using a new eye model, which was based on and about the same size as the Gullstrand eye model. Lenses with a small optic diameter were inserted and retinal images were observed under the operating microscope. Contrast and glare disability tests were done using the MCT-8000 contrast tester and the Miller-Nadler glare tester.

Eye growth after cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in children.

We studied the effect of cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (14 unilateral and 2 bilateral cases) on eye growth in 16 children. Visual acuity, refractive power, axial length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth in both the operated and unoperated eyes were measured before and after surgery. The operated eyes tended to become myopic (maximum, -11.

A new endoscope for ophthalmic microsurgery.

We present an endoscope designed for ophthalmic microsurgery. The handpiece contains a charge-coupled device, a solid-state imager (250,000 pixels), and a probe (either 0.89 or 1.

Modified SRK formula for axial myopia (24.5 mm < or = axial length < 27.0 mm).

When used for eyes with greater than average axial length (AXL), the SRK formula has been reported to have a tendency to yield more myopic refractions than those predicted. To further evaluate such findings, we studied 609 eyes with AXLs between 24.5 and 27.

Long-term study of children with implanted intraocular lenses.

We studied children between five and 15 years of age who were implanted with intraocular lenses (IOLs). The subjects comprised eight cases of traumatic cataract, 11 of congenital cataract, and six of steroid cataract. The follow-up ranged from four months to nine and one half years.