Female alternative reproductive tactics: diversity and drivers.

It is often argued that anisogamy causes alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) to be more common in males than females. We challenge this view by pointing out logical flaws in the argument. We then review recent work on the diversity of female ARTs, listing several understudied types such as solitary versus communal breeding and facultative parthenogenesis.

Disentangling Verbal Arguments: Intralocus Sexual Conflict in Haplodiploids.

AbstractIn haplodiploids, (1) alleles spend twice as many generations in females as in males, (2) males are never heterozygous and therefore express recessive alleles, and (3) males sire daughters but not sons. Intralocus sexual conflict therefore operates differently in haplodiploids than in diploids and shares strong similarities with loci on X (or Z) chromosomes. The common co-occurrence of all three features makes it difficult to pinpoint their respective roles.