Primate energy input and the evolutionary transition to energy-dense diets in humans.

Humans and other large-brained hominins have been proposed to increase energy turnover during their evolutionary history. Such increased energy turnover is plausible, given the evolution of energy-rich diets, but requires empirical confirmation. Framing human energetics in a phylogenetic context, our meta-analysis of 17 wild non-human primate species shows that daily metabolizable energy input follows an allometric relationship with body mass where the allometric exponent for mass is 0.

Eating habits, food and health related attitudes and beliefs reported by French students.

Objectives: To assess eating habits and some food related behaviours, beliefs and knowledge in educated young French adults.

Design: A standardized questionnaire administered in university classes.

Setting: University or 'Grandes Ecoles' of Paris and Dijon.

Massive overfeeding and energy balance in men: the Guru Walla model.

To determine the magnitude of the thermogenic response to a massive long-term overfeeding, an energy-balance study was carried out in nine lean, young Cameroonian men participating in a traditional fattening session: the Guru Walla. Food intake, body weight, body composition, activity, and metabolic rates were recorded during a 10-d baseline period and over the 61-65 d of fattening. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by using doubly labeled water during the baseline period and the final 10 d of Guru Walla.

Anterior dislocation of the shoulder in the older patient.

A significant number of rotator cuff defects are brought to light following a first-time dislocation in older patients. Recurrence in this group of patients is low; however, standard anterior repairs may be employed effectively in such situations. Neurologic and vascular injuries, although infrequent, should be carefully ruled out as accompanying the initial injury.

Recurrent posterior instability (subluxation) of the shoulder.

A retrospective survey of fifty shoulders in thirty-five patients with recurrent posterior instability revealed generally poor results of treatment, particularly of operative treatment. Only eleven of the shoulders had a primary traumatic insult as the event initiating the instability. Although forty-one of the affected shoulders demonstrated voluntary instability, it was the associated involuntary, unintentional instability of these shoulders that prompted the patients to seek medical attention.