Automated deep learning segmentation of high-resolution 7 Tesla postmortem MRI for quantitative analysis of structure-pathology correlations in neurodegenerative diseases.

MRI allows brain anatomy to be examined at high resolution and to link pathology measures with morphometric measurements. However, automated segmentation methods for brain mapping in postmortem MRI are not well developed, primarily due to limited availability of labeled datasets, and heterogeneity in scanner hardware and acquisition protocols. In this work, we present a high-resolution dataset of 135 postmortem human brain tissue specimens imaged at 0.

Oropouche Virus Disease Among U.S. Travelers - United States, 2024.

Beginning in late 2023, Oropouche virus was identified as the cause of large outbreaks in Amazon regions with known endemic transmission and in new areas in South America and the Caribbean. The virus is spread to humans by infected biting midges and some mosquito species. Although infection typically causes a self-limited febrile illness, reports of two deaths in patients with Oropouche virus infection and vertical transmission associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes have raised concerns about the threat of this virus to human health.

Perceived challenges in treatment decision-making for endometriosis: healthcare professional perspectives.

Background: Endometriosis, a systemic chronic inflammatory condition which has no cure, has a high symptom burden that can negatively impact every facet of life. Given the absence of a gold-standard treatment, the best symptom management regimen in endometriosis is heavily reliant on a patient's values and preferences, making shared decision-making (SDM) vital. However, a comprehensive patient decision aid (PtDA) intervention that could facilitate patient decision-making and promote SDM is lacking in endometriosis, and there is little research on the decisional support needs of individuals with this condition.

Control of Inflammatory Response by Tissue Microenvironment.

Inflammation is an essential defense response but operates at the cost of normal functions. Whether and how the negative impact of inflammation is monitored remains largely unknown. Acidification of the tissue microenvironment is associated with inflammation.

DengueSeq: a pan-serotype whole genome amplicon sequencing protocol for dengue virus.

Background: The increasing burden of dengue virus on public health due to more explosive and frequent outbreaks highlights the need for improved surveillance and control. Genomic surveillance of dengue virus not only provides important insights into the emergence and spread of genetically diverse serotypes and genotypes, but it is also critical to monitor the effectiveness of newly implemented control strategies. Here, we present DengueSeq, an amplicon sequencing protocol, which enables whole-genome sequencing of all four dengue virus serotypes.

Introduction and Spread of Dengue Virus 3, Florida, USA, May 2022-April 2023.

During May 2022-April 2023, dengue virus serotype 3 was identified among 601 travel-associated and 61 locally acquired dengue cases in Florida, USA. All 203 sequenced genomes belonged to the same genotype III lineage and revealed potential transmission chains in which most locally acquired cases occurred shortly after introduction, with little sustained transmission.

Modeling and Phenotyping Acute and Chronic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Vitro in Rodent Heart and Skeletal Muscle Cells.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has a complex pathophysiology which makes modeling the disease difficult. We aimed to develop a novel model for simulating T2D in vitro, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and variably elevated insulin levels targeting muscle cells. We investigated insulin resistance (IR), cellular respiration, mitochondrial morphometry, and the associated function in different T2D-mimicking conditions in rodent skeletal (C2C12) and cardiac (H9C2) myotubes.

DengueSeq: A pan-serotype whole genome amplicon sequencing protocol for dengue virus.

Background: The increasing burden of dengue virus on public health due to more explosive and frequent outbreaks highlights the need for improved surveillance and control. Genomic surveillance of dengue virus not only provides important insights into the emergence and spread of genetically diverse serotypes and genotypes, but it is also critical to monitor the effectiveness of newly implemented control strategies. Here, we present DengueSeq, an amplicon sequencing protocol, which enables whole-genome sequencing of all four dengue virus serotypes.

The effectiveness of psychological interventions for reducing poor body image in endometriosis, PCOS and other gynaecological conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gynaecological conditions (e.g., endometriosis, PCOS) result in bodily changes that negatively impact body image.

Meditation-induced bloodborne factors as an adjuvant treatment to COVID-19 disease.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of the pandemic has relied mainly on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, while alternative approaches such as meditation, shown to improve immunity, have been largely unexplored. Here, we probe the relationship between meditation and COVID-19 disease and directly test the impact of meditation on the induction of a blood environment that modulates viral infection.

Dengue Outbreak Response during COVID-19 Pandemic, Key Largo, Florida, USA, 2020.

We report a dengue outbreak in Key Largo, Florida, USA, from February through August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful community engagement resulted in 61% of case-patients self-reporting. We also describe COVID-19 pandemic effects on the dengue outbreak investigation and the need to increase clinician awareness of dengue testing recommendations.

Modes of type 2 immune response initiation.

Type 2 immunity defends against macro-parasites and can cause allergic diseases. Our understanding of the mechanisms governing the initiation of type 2 immunity is limited, whereas we know more about type 1 immune responses. Type 2 immunity can be triggered by a wide array of inducers that do not share common features and via diverse pathways and mechanisms.

Evaluation of Dental and Oral Pathologies of 36 Captive Lions () and Tigers ().

The documented increase in the occurrence of dental diseases in captive big cats over the past decades has necessitated the need to target dental medical research accordingly. The aim of this study was the systematic evaluation of dental and oral pathologies of lions and tigers which included intraoral dental radiography. Thirty-six animals of both sexes, ranging in age from nine months to 18 years, predominantly in circus husbandry, served as the basis of the present study, and their dental health status was investigated.

A Standard Method for Intraoral Dental Radiography With Dental Photo-Stimulative Phosphor (PSP) Plates in Big Cats.

In recent years, dentistry has steadily gained more prominence in veterinary medicine, including exotic and wild animal medicine. It is known that dental diseases are among the most common diseases in captured big cats. However, so far, there is no standardized method for dental radiography in these animals.

A novel click chemistry-based peptide ELISA protocol: development and technical evaluation.

ELISA is the current standard for (auto)antibody diagnostics. Once established, ELISA protocols can be easily adapted for novel antigens; however, peptide-based protocols are rarely available. Herein the authors describe the results of a technical investigation of an indirect ELISA protocol using peptides conjugated onto a protein carrier based on click chemistry and immobilized in standard plastics.

Surgical outcomes and complications of bedside tracheostomy in the ICU for patients on ECMO.

Objective: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly employed in the management of patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction. Patients commonly require tracheostomy for ventilator liberation. Though bedside percutaneous tracheostomy is commonly performed, it has the potential for increased complications, both surgical and with the ECMO circuit.

Travel Surveillance and Genomics Uncover a Hidden Zika Outbreak during the Waning Epidemic.

The Zika epidemic in the Americas has challenged surveillance and control. As the epidemic appears to be waning, it is unclear whether transmission is still ongoing, which is exacerbated by discrepancies in reporting. To uncover locations with lingering outbreaks, we investigated travel-associated Zika cases to identify transmission not captured by reporting.

Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Optimizing Care in Patients Receiving Anti-CCR4 Monoclonal Antibody Mogamulizumab.

Background: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), including subtypes mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), represents a rare group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Mogamulizumab is a first-in-class monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to C-C chemokine receptor 4, which is overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells in T-cell malignancies, including MF/SS-type CTCL.

Objectives: This review identifies common diagnostic features of MF/SS, the efficacy and side effect profile of mogamulizumab, and practical management strategies for optimizing the nursing care of patients with MF/SS-type CTCL.

Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Drug Interaction Potential of SPR741, an Intravenous Potentiator, after Single and Multiple Ascending Doses and When Combined with β-Lactam Antibiotics in Healthy Subjects.

SPR741 is a novel polymyxin B derivative, with minimal intrinsic antibacterial activity and reduced nonclinical nephrotoxicity compared to levels with polymyxin B, that interacts with the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, enhancing penetration of coadministered antibiotics. The safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of SPR741 were evaluated in two studies, after single and multiple intravenous (i.v.

Ruxolitinib as Salvage Therapy for Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) continues to be a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. A regimen of systemic corticosteroids is considered first-line therapy but is often associated with inadequate responses and multiple side effects. In patients with refractory disease, an evidenced-based consensus is lacking as to the single best approach to managing symptoms.