Diabetic Neuropathy Is Related to Rhinencephalon Degeneration in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

We aimed to assess neurodegenerative changes in the rhinencephalon via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and relate it to olfactory function and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Individuals aged 18-65 with T1D duration over 10 years and control healthy subjects underwent olfactory assessment using Sniffin'Sticks and brain MRI to assess volumetric measurements of the olfactory bulbs and piriform cortex thickness. 32 T1D (24 males) aged 43.

Assessing the impact of health-care access on the severity of low back pain by country: a case study within the GBD framework.

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is key for policy making. Low back pain is the leading cause of disability in terms of years lived with disability (YLDs). Due to sparse data, a current limitation of GDB is that a uniform severity distribution is presumed based on 12-Item Short Form Health Survey scores derived from US Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS).

Health trends in Canada 1990-2019: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Objective: Monitoring trends in key population health indicators is important for informing health policies. The aim of this study was to examine population health trends in Canada over the past 30 years in relation to other countries.

Methods: We used data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability, life expectancy (LE), and child mortality for Canada and other countries between 1990 and 2019 provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Sequential, ultrasound-guided, minimally invasive pit-picking procedure with Nd:YAG laser epilation treatment for pilonidal disease.

<b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our treatment for pilonidal disease in adolescent patients, which uses ultrasonography, minimally invasive pit-picking, and Nd:YAG laser therapy.</br> <b><br>Material and methods:</b> We included 52 of 147 patients treated between June 2017 and December 2020. The patients underwent pit-picking procedures and 6-10 Nd:YAG treatments.

National burden of rheumatoid arthritis in Canada, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 - a GBD collaborator-led study.

Objective: The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and trends from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) data, (2) to describe age and sex differences in RA and (3) to compare Canada's RA burden to that of other countries.

Methods: Disease burden indicators included prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). GBD estimated fatal and non-fatal outcomes using published literature, survey data and health insurance claims.

mTOR Pathway Substrates Present High Activation in Vascular Malformations and Significantly Decrease with Age.

Background: Vascular anomalies often result in aesthetic flaws, pain, and impair the quality of life. They require challenging treatments that frequently do not provide the desired results. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is directly involved in the development of these malformations.

The burden of ischemic heart disease and the epidemiologic transition in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: 1990-2019.

It has been estimated that in the next decade, IHD prevalence, DALYs and deaths will increase more significantly in EMR than in any other region of the world. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the trends in the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) across the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) from 1990 to 2019. Data on IHD prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, DALYs attributable to risk factors, healthcare access and quality index (HAQ), and universal health coverage (UHC) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for EMR countries.

Measuring skill-based health literacy in chronic airway disease patients: the development and psychometric evaluation of the Vancouver airways health literacy tool (VAHLT).

Purpose: This article describes the development of the Vancouver airways health literacy tool (VAHLT), a novel measure of skill-based health literacy specific to chronic airway diseases (CADs). Across several phases, psychometric characteristics of the VAHLT were examined and used to guide its development.

Methods: An initial pool of 46 items was developed using input from patients, clinicians, researchers, and policy-makers.

Trends in the burden and determinants of hypertensive heart disease in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: Hypertensive heart disease (HHD), one of the end-organ damage consequences of hypertension, is an important public health issue worldwide. Data on the HHD burden in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) are scarce. We aimed to investigate the burden of HHD in the EMR, its member countries, and globally from 1990 to 2019.

The Effect of Fluid Resuscitation Timing in Early Sepsis Resuscitation.

Purpose: The dose and timing of early fluid resuscitation in sepsis remains a debated topic. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of fluid timing in early sepsis management on mortality and other clinical outcomes.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective cohort study of emergency-department-treated adults (>18 years, n = 1032) presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock.

Patient-reported mental health and well-being trajectories in oncology patients during radiation therapy: an exploratory retrospective cohort analysis using the Ontario Cancer Registry.

Purpose: Mental health and well-being trajectories are not expected to be homogeneous in diverse clinical populations. This exploratory study aims to identify subgroups of patients with cancer receiving radiation therapy who have different mental health and well-being trajectories, and examine which socio-demographic, physical symptoms, and clinical variables are associated with such trajectories.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of radiation therapy patients diagnosed with cancer in 2017 was conducted using data from the Ontario Cancer Registry (Canada) and linked with administrative health data.

Risk of severe infections after the introduction of biologic DMARDs in people with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based interrupted time-series analysis.

Objectives: To determine the impact of the introduction of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) on severe infections among people newly diagnosed with RA compared with non-RA individuals.

Methods: In this population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative data (from 1990-2015) for British Columbia, Canada, all incident RA patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2007 were identified. General population controls with no inflammatory arthritis were matched to RA patients based on age and gender, and were assigned the diagnosis date (i.

Changes in the burden and underlying causes of heart failure in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: The burden of heart failure (HF) is high globally, but information on its burden in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is limited. This study provides a systematic analysis of the burden and underlying causes of HF in the EMR, including at the country level, between 1990 and 2019.

Methods: We used the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for estimates of prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and underlying causes of HF in the EMR.

Magnetic resonance imaging predictors (cartilage, osteophytes and meniscus) of prevalent and 3-year incident medial and lateral tibiofemoral knee joint tenderness and patellofemoral grind.

Objective: To identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) predictors (cartilage [C], osteophytes [O] and meniscus [M] scores) of prevalent and 3-year incident medial tibiofemoral (MTF) and lateral tibiofemoral (LTF) knee joint tenderness and patellofemoral (PF) grind.  METHODS: Population-based knee pain cohort aged 40-79 was assessed at baseline (N = 255), 3- and 7-year follow-up (N = 108 × 2 = 216). COM scores were measured at 6/8/6 subregions respectively.

Evaluation of a New Performance-Based Health Literacy Measurement Tool for Individuals With Chronic Airways Disease.

Background: Low health literacy is a global challenge. Health literacy is positively correlated with chronic airways diseas desirable outcomes. Despite the importance of health literacy in disease management, current health literacy measurement tools are suboptimal.

Measuring the burden of comorbidity for ischaemic heart disease and four common non-communicable diseases in Iran, 1990-2017: a modelling study based on global burden of diseases data.

Objective: This modelling study aimed to estimate the comorbidity burden for four common non-communicable diseases with ischaemic heart diseases (IHD) in Iran during a period of 28 years.

Design: Analysis of the burden of comorbidity with IHD based on data included prevalence rates and the disability weight (DW) average for calculating years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Iran population based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Setting: Population-based available data in GBD 2017 study of Iran population.

Reducing the burden of low back pain: results from a new microsimulation model.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) causes the highest morbidity burden globally. The purpose of the present study was to project and compare the impact of three strategies for reducing the population health burden of LBP: weight loss, ergonomic interventions, and an exercise program.

Methods: We have developed a microsimulation model of LBP in Canada using a new modeling platform called SimYouLate.

The Impact of 51 Risk Factors on Life Expectancy in Canada: Findings from a New Risk Prediction Model Based on Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study.

The aims of this study were (1) to develop a comprehensive risk-of-death and life expectancy (LE) model and (2) to provide data on the effects of multiple risk factors on LE. We used data for Canada from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study. To create period life tables for males and females, we obtained age/sex-specific deaths rates for 270 diseases, population distributions for 51 risk factors, and relative risk functions for all disease-exposure pairs.

HS biogenesis by cystathionine beta-synthase: mechanism of inhibition by aminooxyacetic acid and unexpected role of serine.

Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a pivotal enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway responsible for diverting homocysteine to the biosynthesis of cysteine and production of hydrogen sulfide (HS). Aberrant upregulation of CBS and overproduction of HS contribute to pathophysiology of several diseases including cancer and Down syndrome. Therefore, pharmacological CBS inhibition has emerged as a prospective therapeutic approach.

Estimating Disease Prevalence in Administrative Data.

Purpose: Disease prevalence estimates from population-based administrative databases are often biased due to measurement (misclassification) errors. The purpose of this article is to review the methodology for estimating disease prevalence in administrative data, with a focus on bias correction.

Source: Several approaches to bias correction in administrative data were reviewed and application of these methods was demonstrated using an example from the literature: physician claims and hospitalization data were employed to estimate diabetes prevalence in Ontario, Canada.