Methods of preventing the occurrence of postoperative complications in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a prevention system that allows to reduce frequency of pancreatic fistula and severe postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods: The results of 143 pancreatic head resections were analyzed at our department, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. In the main group we proposed pancreatic fistula prevention system and assessment of sarcopenia that were applied in 56 patients during a year (from November 2018 to December 2019).

[BILIARY HYPERTENSION IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS AND PECULIARITIES OF ITS DIAGNOSIS].

Possibilities of various diagnostic methods for biliary hypertension detection in chronic pancreatitis were analyzed. Biliary hypertension was revealed in 163 (31%) patients, suffering chronic pancreatitis. The laboratory investigations data, ultrasonographic investigation, computer tomography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, magnet-resonance cholangiopancreatography, intraoperative measurement of the biliary ducts width, intraoperative measurement of biliary pressure were applied for diagnosis.

[SURGICAL TACTICS IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH SIGNS OF BILIARY HYPERTENSION].

The results of treatment of 84 patients for chronic pancreatitis with the biliary hypertension signs were depicted. In 83 patients operative interventions were performed, and in 1--positive results were achieved after pancreatic cyst puncture under ultrasonographic control. In 51 patients the conduction of Frey operation have permitted to achieve a lower pressure inside biliary system, in 25--the additional procedures were applied for a biliary hypertension elimination.

[ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS POSTOPERATIVE CAUSES AND MORTALITY AFTER RADICAL TREATMENT FOR TUMORS OF THE LEFT ANATOMICAL SEGMENT OF THE PANCREAS].

Radical surgery for tumors of the left anatomical and surgical segment of the pancreas proved for distal resection in various versions, central resection and enucleation of tumors. The causes of early postoperative complications and mortality in 129 patients aged from 14 to 81 years, operated on for neoplastic lesions of the left anatomical segment of the pancreas in the period from 2009 to 2014 were analysed. The influence of various factors of risk of complications and mortality were studied in particular, extended resection, for tumor invasion of adjacent organs, and adjacent vessels.

[SURGICAL TREATMENT OF TUMORS OF THE LEFT PANCREATIC ANATOMICAL SEGMENT].

The results of treatment of 231 patients, suffering tumoral affection of pancreatic left anatomical segment in period of 2009-2013 yrs were analyzed. Individualized approach, using modern technologies, was applied. Radical operations were performed in 129 patients, ageing 14-81 yrs old, including pancreatic distal resections in various modifications, central resection and tumoral enucleation.

[Prophylaxis of complications in patients after pancreaticoduodenal resection].

Experience of pancreaticoduodenal resection performance was summarized in 163 patients in 2005-2009 yrs. Duodeno(gastro)enterostomy was formed in anterior position, taking an objective to reduce the risk of postoperative gastrostasis occurrence; and formation of invagination ductojejunal anastomosis--for prophylaxis of pancreatogenic complications. External pancreatic duct drainage and medicinal therapy conduction do not guarantee reduction of the postoperative complications occurrence risk.

[Modern insights into the problem of surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

Results of surgical treatment of 290 patients, suffering chronic pancreatitis, were ana- lyzed. Frey's operation was performed in 125 patients, and in 11 - the biliodigestive anastomoses formation was added for biliary hypertension. Pancreaticoduodenal resection was performed in 8 patients, the Bern's modification of Beger's operation and distal pancreatic resection - in 6 for each, longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy - in 69.

[Classification of an acute pancreatitis: revision by international consensus in 2012 of classification, adopted in Atlanta].

In 1992 on symposium in Atlanta the general classification of an acute pancreatitis, adopted by world medical society for practical application, was proposed. Due to results of multiple investigations there were enhanced the data about an acute pancreatitis pathophysiology, the organs insufficiency, and improvement of the noninvasive and invasive methods of visualization and treatment, what caused necessity to revise the classification. Web-consultations were conducted in 2007 yr to guarantee a wide participation of pancreatologists.

[Pancreatic resection using laparoscopic access].

Experience of their own on performance of pancreatic resection interventions, using laparoscopic access, conducted in the clinic in 2009 - 2013 yrs, was presented. In 8 patients laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection was conducted, in 5--laparoscopic enucleation of pancreatic tumor, in 1--laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenal resection. The results were compared with such after open operations, performed in this period of time.

[Experience of ASVS-test application in diagnosis of insulin-producing pancreatic tumor].

In 2009-2013 yrs in 7 patients, suffering insulin-producing pancreatic tumors, the ASVS-test was conducted, the result of which was compared with data of standard methods of investigation, including abdominal ultrasound, computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The insuloma enucleation was performed in 3 patients, distal subtotal pancreatectomy with splenectomy--in 1 and the completed total pancreatectomy--in 1. The ASVS-test conduction is indicated in patients with diagnosed hyperinsulinism while impossibility to perform a topic diagnosis of insulinoma, in accordance to data of other noninvasive methods of diagnosis.

[Principles of direct surgical procedures on the pancreas in surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis].

An analysis of treatment of 584 patients with complicated forms of chronic pancreatitis operated during 2000-2100 years was carried out. Quality of life of postoperative patients was estimated according to a technique of calculations of modules EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-PAN26. The indicators of quality of life have improved by 19.

[Possibilities of preoperative studying of vascular anatomy in surgery of a periampullar zone tumors].

In 115 patients, suffering malignant pancreatic tumors as well as those, localized in periampullar zone, a CT angiography was performed preoperatively to study up the variants of vascular anatomy. The data obtained were depicted by a surgeon, anatomic variants of truncus coeliacus and mesenterical vessels were recorded in accordance with classification of Michels, Hiatt. Individualized approach for surgical treatment, using CT angiography data, was applied.

[Diagnosis and treatment tactics for complicated pancreatic pseudocysts].

Experience of 84 patients treatment for complicated pancreatic gland pseudocysts is presented. Tactics of diagnosis and treatment for complicated pancreatic gland pseudocysts was elaborated and substantiated. Individualized treatment-diagnosis approach provides, first of all, the complications elimination, an adequate surgical treatment of pancreatic gland pseudocyst is possible in late period.

[Pancreaticoduodenal resection in the treatment of malignant periampullar tumors].

The experience of performance of pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) in 412 patients in 1998-2009 yrs for malignant periampullar tumors was analyzed. In 296 patients a standard PDR was done and in 116, with tumoral affection of distal part of common biliary duct and duodenal large papilla - pylorus-preserving PDR Individualized approach was used, exploiting modern technologies of pylorus-preserving PDR: saving gastroduodenal artery, selective ligation of right branch of dorsal pancreatic and lower pancreatoduodenal artery, dorsal and translateral surgical approaches usage. In 26 patients PDR was accomplished with resection of vessels.

[Intraoperative possibilities of reduction of postoperative complications frequency in pancreaticoduodenal resection on its reconstructive stage].

Experience of pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) performance in 81 patients in 2007-2008 yrs was summarized. There were studied up the risk of postoperative gastrostasis occurrence and factors, promoting such a risk lowering. In 24 patients (the main group) gastro- and duodenoenteroanastomosis were formatted in antecolic position, while in 57 (the control group) the gut continuity was restored according to standard method.

[Application of ozone therapy in complex treatment of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis].

Examination and treatment of 32 patients was done, in whom an acute necrotic pancreatitis was diagnosed. In 16 patients (the main group) ozonotherapy, according to scheme, elaborated in the clinic, was added to conventional treatment. The ozonotherapy application had permitted to reduce the rate of performance of "open" operative interventions.

[Lumbotomic videocontrolled sanation of retroperitoneal space in patients, suffering an acute necrotizing pancreatitis].

During 2007-2008 yrs 55 patients, suffering an acute necrotic pancreatitits, were followed up. In the main group 7 patients were included, in the complex treatment of whom the lumbotomy transcutaneous sanation of necrotic foci, using nephroscope, was done. In patients of a control group the conventional operative interventions were performed.

[Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors as a variant of cystic pancreatic tumors. The problems of diagnosis and surgical treatment].

Retro- and prospective investigation of the diagnosis and treatment results of 6 patients, suffering intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), was conducted. In 2 patients the central type malignant IPMN were diagnosed, in 1 - the central type of IPMN without malignization signs, in 2 - the IPMN of lateral type without malignization signs, in 1 - the multiple malignized IPMN of lateral type. The magnet resonance cholangiopancreatography, permitted to determine the pancreatic ductal system tumoral involvement, had constituted the main method of instrumental diagnosis.

[Application of preparations--analogues of somatostatin in surgical pancreatology].

The experience of application of shortly acting and durably acting preparations--analogues of somatostatin in complex therapy of various pancreatic diseases was summarized. There was established similar efficacy of the preparations in blockade of the pancreatic external secretion and the various duration of their inhibiting influence on the blood flow. The trustworthy differences in the complications frequency and lethality while application of various preparations--analogues of somatostatin were not revealed.

[Anemia in patients with resectable tumour of periampullar zone organs as a risk factor of postoperative complications occurrence and its complex correction].

Results of treatment of 39 patients, to whom pancreatoduodenal resection was performed for periampullar zone tumour, were analyzed. Anemia, revealed before the operation, had constituted the factor, which trustworthily increased the postoperative complications occurrence risk. Therapeutic course, using recombinant erythropoietins, was conducted for correction of anemia in 7 patients.

[The splanchnic blood flow indices in the patients, suffering external pancreatic fistula, and their dynamics under the influence of sandostatin and somatulin according to the ultrasonographic duplex scanning data].

Hemodynamical effects of the somatostatin analogues were studied in the patients with external pancreatic fistula. There were examined 29 patients, using ultrasonographic duplex scanning, for investigation of the blood flow indices in a. mesenterica superior, truncus coeliacus and its branches, v.

[Preoperative biliary decompression in patients with malignant tumor of duodenal major papilla].

Experience of surgical treatment of 241 patients with malignant tumor of duodenal major papilla in 1992-2005 yrs was analyzed. In 95 patients the treatment was conducted in two stages, the first of which have had included biliary decompression. There were analyzed 18 potential risk factors for postoperative complications occurrence.

[Radical surgical treatment of cancer of periampullar zone organs].

Experience of treatment was analyzed of 862 patients with cancer of periampullar zone organs, to whom radical tumoral excision was performed in 1972-2005 yrs. Performance of radical operative intervention have permitted to achieve satisfactory late results in patients with tumor of duodenal major papilla and distal part of common biliary duct. Last years better immediate results of operative treatment were achieved due to postoperative mortality lowering.