Intracervical insemination versus intrauterine insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle: a randomized controlled trial.

Study Question: Is intracervical insemination (ICI) non-inferior to IUI with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle in terms of live birth?

Summary Answer: ICI with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle was inferior to IUI in terms of live birth.

What Is Known Already: Both ICI and IUI in the natural cycle are performed as first-line treatments in women who are eligible for donor sperm treatment. High-quality data on the effectiveness of ICI versus IUI with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle in terms of live birth is lacking.

Donor sperm treatment: the role of semen parameters in intracervical insemination, a retrospective cohort study.

Donor sperm treatment is advised to be performed with frozen-thawed donor semen. A disadvantage of frozen-thawed semen is lower pregnancy rates compared to inseminations with fresh semen. Semen parameters affect ongoing pregnancy rates in intracervical inseminations with frozen-thawed donor semen.

The AID study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle compared with intracervical insemination in the natural cycle.

Introduction: At present, studies comparing intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle versus intracervical insemination in the natural cycle in women undergoing artificial insemination with donor sperm are scarce.

Methods And Analysis: We perform a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial among five secondary and tertiary fertility clinics in the Netherlands and one tertiary fertility clinic in Belgium. Women eligible for artificial insemination with donor sperm are included.

Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment.

Background: The first-line treatment in donor sperm treatment consists of inseminations that can be done by intrauterine insemination (IUI) or by intracervical insemination (ICI).

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness and safety of intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracervical insemination (ICI) in women who start donor sperm treatment.

Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL in October 2016, checked references of relevant studies, and contacted study authors and experts in the field to identify additional studies.

Intrauterine insemination or intracervical insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm in the natural cycle: a cohort study.

Study Question: Does intrauterine insemination in the natural cycle lead to better pregnancy rates than intracervical insemination (ICI) in the natural cycle in women undergoing artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm.

Summary Answer: In a large cohort of women undergoing artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm, there was no substantial beneficial effect of IUI in the natural cycle over ICI in the natural cycle.

What Is Known Already: At present, there are no studies comparing IUI in the natural cycle versus ICI in the natural cycle in women undergoing artificial insemination with cryopreserved donor sperm.

[Artificial insemination with donor sperm in the Netherlands: future-proof?].

In recent years much has changed in care for artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID). Since new laws and regulations were implemented, a large number of sperm banks have closed and the total number of sperm donors and their availability have decreased. Long waiting times and the use of sperm donors recruited by foreign commercial sperm banks can indicate a shortage of sperm donors.

Counselling on disclosure of gamete donation to donor offspring:a search for facts.

Background: High quality counseling of potential parents is needed in the process of disclosure to donor offspring, which is important for the child and for family relationships. We performed a search for facts to identify the role of counseling in couples undergoing gamete donation.

Methods: We systematically searched Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo.

Concurrent Schedules: Effects of Blackout during the Changeover Delay.

Four homing pigeons were exposed to concurrent variable-interval 40-s variable-interval 120-s schedules of reinforcement with changeover delays of five durations (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 s). The changeover delays of non-zero durations were presented with and without blackout of the experimental chamber in different conditions. Blackout eliminated or strongly reduced responding during the changeover delay.

A test of symmetry and transitivity in the conditional discrimination performances of pigeons.

In a matching-to-sample context, pigeons were taught two conditional discriminations according to one of three equivalence paradigms: train if A, then select B and if B, then select C; train if B, then A and if B, then C; or train if A, then B and if C, then B. Test trials without reinforcement revealed that the conditional relations did not satisfy the symmetrical and transitive properties of an equivalence relation. Apparently, only specific if.

Dissociation of instrumental and Pavlovian contingencies in a discriminated instrumental procedure.

Four pigeons were exposed to an experimental procedure in which the presentation of a stimulus at one intelligence panel in a longbox signaled the opportunity to obtain response-dependent food contingent upon withdrawal from the stimulus to the other end of the box. Four other pigeons in addition received unsignaled, response-independent food during the intertrial interval. Both groups of subjects learned to withdraw from the stimulus during stimulus presentations, but the subjects who received response-independent food during the intertrial interval learned to do so faster than the subjects in the other group.

Operant-Pavlovian interactions: Ratio-schedules and the effects of the duration and location of a stimulus preceding response-independent food.

Two groups of four pigeons were exposed to either a fixed-ratio or a random-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Presentation of stimuli which preceded response-independent food delivery was then superimposed upon this operant baseline. The duration and the location of stimulus presentation were varied in different experimental conditions.

Operant-Pavlovian interactions: The effect of the number of stimuli with free-food depends on the operant baseline.

Four groups of three pigeons were trained to respond under operant schedules which varied with respect to response rate requirements and reinforcement frequency. The number of short duration stimuli preceding free food was manipulated in different experimental conditions. Operant behavior was maintained on one key, while stimuli were presented on another key.

Concurrent schedules: Spatial separation of response alternatives.

Four pigeons were exposed to independent concurrent variable-interval 20-second variable-interval 60-second schedules of reinforcement. A transparent partition was inserted midway between the two response keys. The length of the partition was systematically manipulated.