Gridded, temporally referenced spatial information on soil organic carbon for Hungary.

Soil organic carbon (SOC), known as the most important soil attribute, affects various soil functions and services, essential for nutritious food and clean drinking water. Since recognizing its key role in many environmental challenges, there has been an increasing demand for spatial information on SOC. Our objective is to present the results of a mapping activity aimed at producing spatially exhaustive information on SOC content, density, and stock for the topsoils of Hungary for 1992 and 2000.

War and pandemic do not jeopardize Germans' willingness to support climate measures.

How do the impacts of acute crises influence citizens' willingness to support different types of climate measures? An acute crisis can be understood either as an impediment or as an opportunity for climate change mitigation. In the first perspective, crisis impacts would create negative spill-overs and dampen citizens' willingness to support climate action, while in the second perspective, the opposite would occur. Based on a survey experiment fielded in Germany in 2022 ( = 5438), we find that the economic implications of the Russo-Ukrainian War do not decrease behavioral willingness, while restrictions of civil liberties to combat the COVID-19 pandemic lead to higher climate support, underpinning the crisis-as-opportunity perspective.

The Making and Breaking of Social Ties During the Pandemic. Socio-Economic Position, Demographic Characteristics, and Changes in Social Networks.

Contact restrictions and distancing measures are among the most effective non-pharmaceutical measures to stop the spread of the SARS-CoV2 virus. Yet, research has only begun to understand the wider social consequences of these interventions. This study investigates how individuals' social networks have changed since the outbreak of the pandemic and how this is related to individuals' socio-economic positions and their socio-demographic characteristics.

Who Received Informal Social Support During the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany, and Who Did Not? The Role of Social Networks, Life Course and Pandemic-Specific Risks.

In this article, we study the receipt of informal support during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. The containment measures have had various, far-reaching consequences for the wellbeing of people, creating demands for economic, practical, and emotional support-even among individuals who hitherto were not in need of support. Existing research has shown substantial levels of informal support during the pandemic, often based on individuals' existing social networks, but has predominantly taken the perspective of donors.

Socio-economic position and local solidarity in times of crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of informal helping arrangements in Germany.

In this article we study the emergence of local solidarity in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis in Germany. The COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing lockdown measures have had far-reaching and quite diverse consequences for different social groups, and have increased the need for practical help, childcare, financial aid, but also emotional support to cope with the psychological consequences of social isolation. Hence, even individuals who are not traditionally receivers of informal help have suddenly become dependent on it.

The role of metal ion binding in the antioxidant mechanisms of reduced and oxidized glutathione in metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage.

The antioxidant activity of glutathione in its reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms against metal-mediated oxidative DNA damage was studied by monitoring production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) from calf-thymus DNA. GSH and GSSG were combined with Fe(ii) and Cu(ii) before and after addition of DNA to investigate the role of metal coordination in the antioxidant mechanism. The antioxidant behavior of GSH and GSSG was also compared to the known radical scavenger DMSO.

Monitoring the clean-up operation of agricultural fields flooded with red mud in Hungary.

In the course of the clean-up operation after the red mud inundation in 2010, red mud was removed from the soil surface in places where the layer was more than 5 cm deep. Before its removal, the red mud seeped into the soil. In 2012, soil samples were taken from depths of 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm on some of the affected areas.

The dissolved organic matter as a potential soil quality indicator in arable soils of Hungary.

Although several authors have suggested that the labile fraction of soils could be a potential soil quality indicator, the possibilities and limitations of using the dissolved organic matter (DOM) fraction for this purpose have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that DOM is an adequate indicator of soil quality. To test this, the soil quality indices (SQI) of 190 arable soils from a Hungarian dataset were estimated, and these values were compared to DOM parameters (DOC and SUVA254).

Physician practice management organizations: their prospects and performance.

As physician organizations adapt their incentives, processes, and structures to accommodate the demands of an increasingly competitive and performance-sensitive external environment, the development of more effective administrative and managerial mechanisms becomes critical to success. The emergence of physician practice management companies (PPMCs) represents a potentially positive step for physician practices seeking increased economies of scale through consolidation, as well as enhanced access to financial capital. However, economic and finance theory, coupled with some empirical "arithmetic" regarding the financial and operational performance of leading publicly traded PPMCs, suggest caution in one's forecasts of the future prospects for these evolving corporate forms.

p53 and Ha-ras mutations in chemically induced hamster buccal pouch carcinomas.

Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas were induced in hamster buccal pouch epithelium by twice weekly topical applications of N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine (MBN) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) over a period of 15 weeks. Each of the 22 tumors induced (14 MBN and eight DMBA) were evaluated by single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing to identify mutations in conserved exons (E5-E8) of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and codons 12/13 and 61 of Ha-ras. In addition, Northern blot analysis of 10 MBN tumors and five DMBA tumors was performed to determine whether the mdm-2 gene was overexpressed, p53 mutations were detected in five of 14 (35%) MBN-induced carcinomas and in two of eight (25%) DMBA-induced carcinomas.