Modelling the impact of bias in fecal immunochemical testing on long-term outcomes of colorectal cancer screening.

Background: As the impact of unmanaged bias (i.e. systematic source of inaccuracy) in fecal immunochemical test (FIT) analytical performance on long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes is unknown, we assessed the impact bias in FIT performance in an ongoing FIT-based CRC screening program.

The interplay of suppressive soil bacteria and plant root exudates determines germination of microsclerotia of .

Unlabelled: Dormant microsclerotia play a vital role in the survival and spread of , as they can stay viable in the soil and maintain their infectivity for many years. In our previous work, we revealed that soil bacterial volatiles are a key inhibitory factor causing microsclerotia dormancy in the soil. In this study, we further demonstrate that root exudates collected from both host and non-host plants can effectively rescue microsclerotia from bacterial suppression and initiate germination.

The Natural Disease Course of Pancreatic Cyst-Associated Neoplasia, Dysplasia, and Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Results of a Microsimulation Model.

Background & Aims: Estimates on the progression of precursor lesions to pancreatic cancer (PC) are scarce. We used microsimulation modeling to gain insight into the natural disease course of PC and its precursors. This information is pivotal to explore the efficacy of PC screening.

The additive value of CA19.9 monitoring in a pancreatic cyst surveillance program.

Background: Surveillance of pancreatic cysts focuses on the detection of (mostly morphologic) features warranting surgery. European guidelines consider elevated CA19.9 as a relative indication for surgery.

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in High-Risk Individuals: Incidence, Growth Rate, and Malignancy Risk.

Background And Aims: In high-risk individuals (HRIs), we aimed to assess the cumulative incidence of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and compare IPMN growth, neoplastic progression rate, and the value of growth as predictor for neoplastic progression to these in sporadic IPMNs.

Methods: We performed annual surveillance of Dutch HRIs, involving carriers of germline pathogenic variants (PVs) and PV-negative familial pancreatic cancer kindreds. HRIs with IPMNs were compared with Italian individuals without familial risk under surveillance for sporadic IPMNs.

The impact of pancreatic cancer screening on life expectancy: A systematic review of modeling studies.

Evidence supporting the effectiveness of pancreatic cancer (PC) screening is scant. Most clinical studies concern small populations with short follow-up durations. Mathematical models are useful to estimate long-term effects of PC screening using short-term indicators.

Protein biomarkers in pancreatic juice and serum for identification of pancreatic cancer.

Background And Aims: To date, surveillance of high-risk individuals for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not lived up to expectations, as identification of curable stages through imaging remains challenging. Biomarkers are therefore needed. Pancreatic juice (PJ) may be a promising source, because it is in direct contact with the ductal epithelial lining from which PDAC arises.

Efficacy of Blackleg Major Resistance Genes in in Germany.

is one of the major pathogens of oilseed rape (). It causes blackleg disease, which accounts for significant yield losses worldwide. Using cultivars that harbor major resistance () genes is one of the most effective control methods.

Longitudinal changes of serum protein N-Glycan levels for earlier detection of pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals.

Background: Surveillance of individuals at risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has the potential to improve survival, yet early detection based on solely imaging modalities is challenging. We aimed to identify changes in serum glycosylation levels over time to earlier detect PDAC in high-risk individuals.

Methods: Individuals with a hereditary predisposition to develop PDAC were followed in two surveillance programs.

Methods for Assessment of Viability and Germination of Resting Spores.

Clubroot caused by the obligate biotrophic parasite is a destructive soil borne disease of cruciferous crops. Resting spores of can survive in the soil for a long period without hosts or external stimulants. The viability and germination rate of resting spores are crucial factors of the inoculum potential in the field.

Dissection of Quantitative Blackleg Resistance Reveals Novel Variants of Resistance Gene in Elite .

Blackleg is one of the major fungal diseases in oilseed rape/canola worldwide. Most commercial cultivars carry gene-mediated qualitative resistances that confer a high level of race-specific protection against , the causal fungus of blackleg disease. However, monogenic resistances of this kind can potentially be rapidly overcome by mutations in the pathogen's avirulence genes.

First Characterisation of the Species Complex on Maize Leaves in Central Europe.

In the last decade, the cultivated area of maize has increased in Central Europe due to its high yield potential and diverse uses for feed and bio-energy. This has led to more intense maize cultivation, with narrowed crop rotations resulting in the increase in maize leaf diseases. During 2012 and 2013, an inventory of maize leaf spot diseases was carried out in various regions in Central Europe.

Long-term yield of pancreatic cancer surveillance in high-risk individuals.

Objective: We aimed to determine the long-term yield of pancreatic cancer surveillance in hereditary predisposed high-risk individuals.

Design: From 2006 to 2019, we prospectively enrolled asymptomatic individuals with an estimated 10% or greater lifetime risk of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after obligatory evaluation by a clinical geneticist and genetic testing, and subjected them to annual surveillance with both endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and MRI/cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP) at each visit.

Results: 366 individuals (201 mutation-negative familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) kindreds and 165 PDAC susceptibility gene mutation carriers; mean age 54 years, SD 9.

Identifying key factors for the effectiveness of pancreatic cancer screening: A model-based analysis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) survival is poor, as detection usually occurs late, when treatment options are limited. Screening of high-risk individuals may enable early detection and a more favorable prognosis. Knowledge gaps prohibit establishing the effectiveness of screening.

Greenhouse Evaluation of Clubroot Resistant- cv. Mendel and Its Efficacy Concerning Virulence and Soil Inoculum Levels of .

Clubroot resistance of oilseed rape (OSR) cultivars frequently relies on a major resistance gene originating from cv. Mendel. The efficacy of this resistance was studied in greenhouse experiments using two isolates, which were either virulent (P1(+)) or avirulent (P1) on Mendel.

Diversity of Expression Types of Genes Conferring Resistance in Maize to .

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) is an important leaf disease in maize ( mays) worldwide and is spreading into new areas with expanding maize cultivation, like Germany. , causal agent of NCLB, infects and colonizes leaf tissue and induces elongated necrotic lesions. Disease control is based on fungicide application and resistant cultivars displaying monogenic resistance.

Lignin Composition and Timing of Cell Wall Lignification Are Involved in Resistance to Stem Rot Caused by .

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is an economically and globally significant disease in oilseed rape () caused by the necrotrophic ascomycete . This study explored the role of cell wall reinforcement by lignin as a relevant factor for effective plant defense against attack by this pathogen. Expression of key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the induced synthesis of lignin in infected stem tissues were investigated in a study comparing a susceptible ('Loras') and a moderately resistant cultivar ('Zhongyou 821' [ZY821]).

Systematic Review of Development and Content Validity of Patient-reported Outcome Measures in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Do We Measure What We Measure?

Background And Aims: Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly important in daily care and research in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. This study provides an overview of the content and content validity of IBD-specific patient-reported outcome measures on three selected constructs.

Methods: Databases were searched up to May 2019 for development and/or content validity studies on IBD-specific self-report measures on health-related quality of life, disability, and self-report disease activity in adults.

Role of Salicylic Acid and Components of the Phenylpropanoid Pathway in Basal and Cultivar-Related Resistance of Oilseed Rape () to .

Enhanced resistance is a key strategy of controlling 'Verticillium stem striping' in caused by the soil-borne vascular pathogen . The present study analyses the role of a broad range of components in the phenylpropanoid and salicylic acid (SA) pathways in basal and cultivar-related resistance of towards . A remarkable increase of susceptibility to in SA-deficient transgenic plants indicated an essential role of SA in basal resistance of to .

Hybrids between Brassica napus and B. nigra show frequent pairing between the B and A/C genomes and resistance to blackleg.

High frequencies of homoeologous and even non-homologous chromosome recombination in Brassica hybrids can transfer useful traits between genomes, but also destabilise synthetic allopolyploids. We produced triploid hybrids (2n = 3x = ABC) from the cross B. napus (rapeseed, 2n = 4x = AACC) × B.

Contrasting Patterns of Colonization with in Winter- and Spring-Type Oilseed Rape () in the Field and Greenhouse and the Role of Soil Temperature.

Oilseed rape, an important source of vegetable plant oil, is threatened by , a soil-borne vascular fungal pathogen so far occurring in oilseed rape growing regions in Europe and Canada. Despite intensive research into in the last decades in controlled conditions, basic knowledge is still lacking about the time course of infection, temporal pattern of colonization, and disease development on field-grown plants. In this study, colonization of roots, stem bases, and stems with was followed by real-time PCR from the seedling until mature plant stages in 2-year field experiments with microsclerotia-infested plots and either spring-type or autumn-sown (winter-type) oilseed rape cultivars.

Potential for Seed Transmission of in Oilseed Rape ().

is a soilborne vascular fungal pathogen that has spread throughout the European oilseed rape cultivation area since the 1980s and was detected in canola fields in Canada in 2014. In a series of greenhouse and field inoculation experiments using -resistant and susceptible cultivars of winter and spring types of oilseed rape, the present study investigated the potential of dissemination by seeds of . Greenhouse inoculation studies with a -labeled isolate of confirmed the systemic growth of the pathogen from roots to seeds.

Starch Hydrolysis and Vessel Occlusion Related to Wilt Symptoms in Olive Stems of Susceptible Cultivars Infected by .

This study investigated starch content, amount of pathogen DNA and density of occluded vessels in healthy and infected olive shoots and stems. Starch hydrolysis is considered a mechanism to refill xylem vessels that suffered cavitation by either, drought conditions or pathogen infections. The main objective of this work was to evaluate this mechanism in olive plants subjected to infection or to drought conditions, in order to know the importance of cavitation in the development of wilting symptoms.