AWAreness during REsuscitation - II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest.

Introduction: Cognitive activity and awareness during cardiac arrest (CA) are reported but ill understood. This first of a kind study examined consciousness and its underlying electrocortical biomarkers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Methods: In a prospective 25-site in-hospital study, we incorporated a) independent audiovisual testing of awareness, including explicit and implicit learning using a computer and headphones, with b) continuous real-time electroencephalography(EEG) and cerebral oxygenation(rSO) monitoring into CPR during in-hospital CA (IHCA).

Comparison of videolaryngoscopy alone with video-assisted fibreoptic intubation in a difficult cadaver airway model.

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Factors associated with caregiver burden among adult (19-64 years) informal caregivers - An analysis from Dutch Municipal Health Service data.

Due to the ageing population and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, it is expected that the demand on informal caregivers will increase. Many informal caregivers experience burden, which can have negative consequences for their own health and that of the care recipient. To prevent caregiver burden, it is important to investigate factors associated with this burden.

Visual recognition of anatomical structures in a circulated and in a non-circulated airway.

Introduction: Pre-hospital airway management is complex and complications occur frequently. Guidelines advice using waveform capnography to confirm correct tube position, but in the emergency setting this is not universally available. Continuous visualization of the airway with a video tube (VivaSight SL™) could serve as an alternative confirmation method, provided that airway structures are properly recognized.

Lessons learned from narrative feedback of students on a geriatric training program.

Geriatrics continues to draw insufficient numbers of medical students today. Currently, little is known regarding how education can motivate students to choose geriatrics. The authors' aim was to examine geriatrics from the students' perspective to identify elements that can be useful in education and improving attitudes toward, interest in, and knowledge about geriatrics.

Evaluation of a new double-lumen endobronchial tube with an integrated camera (VivaSight-DL(™) ): a prospective multicentre observational study.

The VivaSight-DL(™) is a new single-use double-lumen endobronchial tube with an integrated camera. We studied this device in 151 consecutive patients scheduled for elective thoracic surgery in four different hospitals. Endobronchial intubation was successful in 148 patients (98%) (95% CI 94-99%).

[Decubitus or incontinence-associated dermatitis?].

A lack of understanding about the distinction between incontinence-associated dermatitis and pressure sores leads to inadequate treatment and therefore a higher incidence of pressure sores. Pressure relief may not be adequately carried out due to concentration exclusively on treatment of incontinence. In this article we will discuss the multifactorial approach, based on 2 patient cases.

Tracheal intubation with a camera embedded in the tube tip (Vivasight(™) ).

We studied tracheal intubation in manikins and patients with a camera embedded in the tip of the tracheal tube (Vivasight(™) ). Four people in two teams and two individuals attempted intubation of a manikin through an i-gel(™) 10 times each. The tracheas of 12 patients with a Mallampati grade of 1 were intubated with a Vivasight tracheal tube through a Berman airway, passed over a Frova(™) introducer.

End-of-procedure cefazolin concentrations after administration for prevention of surgical-site infection.

Purpose: The adequacy of end-of-procedure free cefazolin concentrations after administration for the prevention of surgical-site infection (SSI) and compliance with national guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis for SSI were assessed.

Methods: Patients undergoing elective surgery and receiving cefazolin for perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis were prospectively enrolled. Antibiotic administration was controlled by the surgeon and usage was recorded.

Is the distinction between superficial pressure ulcers and moisture lesions justifiable? A clinical-pathologic study.

Objective: Pressure ulcers are classified into 4 distinct stages, which allows comparisons between institutions and even countries. Recently, attempts have been made to single out so-called moisture lesions from the early stages of pressure ulcer lesions as a distinct entity.

Methods: To investigate the justification for this development, 14 histopathologic samples from patients with both incontinence and pressure ulcer lesions were studied in an attempt to delineate differences in the pathophysiology and histopathology.

Advantages of a Lowe-Andersen thermostat in molecular dynamics simulations.

The Lowe-Andersen thermostat is a momentum conserving and Galilean invariant analog of the Andersen thermostat. Like the Andersen thermostat it has the advantage of being local. We show that by using a minimal thermostat interaction radius in a molecular dynamics simulation, it perturbs the system dynamics to a far lesser extent than the Andersen method.

Simulation and analysis of flow patterns around the scleractinian coral Madracis mirabilis (Duchassaing and Michelotti).

Three-dimensional morphologies of Madracis mirabilis were obtained using X-ray computed tomography scanning techniques. The morphologies were used to simulate the flow patterns around the colony. In the simulations, the thin-branching low-flow morph with a relatively larger branch-spacing was compared with the more compact high-flow morph of M.

Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol on skin tumor development in CD-1 and SENCAR mice.

Studies from our laboratory have indicated skin cancer chemopreventive effectsof sandalwood oil in CD-1 mice. The purpose of this investigation was to study the skin cancer chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol, a principal component of sandalwood oil in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. alpha-Santalol was isolated from sandalwood oil by distillation under vacuum and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Differential gene expression in progesterone-sensitive and progesterone-insensitive endometrial carcinoma cells.

High doses of progesterone are used in the treatment of advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Unfortunately the response rate is relatively low: 10-30%. The mechanisms involved in the development of insensitivity to progesterone treatment of endometrial cancer tissue are largely unknown.

Fetal intrahepatic hyperechogenic foci: prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and outcome.

Fetal intrahepatic hyperechogenic foci were found in seven out of 7260 patients (1:1037) referred to our prenatal centre for a fetal anomaly scan because of an increased risk or suspected presence of fetal structural anomalies. The gestational age varied between 20 and 32 weeks (mean 24 weeks). Fetal karyotyping in three out of seven fetuses resulted in one case of trisomy 18.

The emotional phases of marital separation: an empirical investigation.

The emotional process of marital separation was investigated via the application of Bowlby's theory of loss. Physical separation was found to entail the three phases--wish to recover the lost object, disorganization, and reorganization--proposed by Bowlby. Length of time separated appeared the most powerful factor in emotional resolution.

Child custody mediation: an interdisciplinary synthesis.

The high divorce rate and increasing number of children affected by divorce have paralleled major changes both in divorce law and in the ways in which social conflicts are resolved. Principles of contemporary law and conflict resolution are joined with the findings of research on child development in families of divorce in a conceptual synthesis relevant to the practice of child custody mediation.

Racial attitudes in young children as a function of interracial contact in the public schools.

The relative effects of integrated and segregated schooling on racial attitudes were studied in a comparison of young children attending all-black, all-white, and integrated schools. Results of this photo-choice study suggest that segregated classes discourage realistic perceptions of the excluded race and promote a preference for whites among whites and blacks, whereas interracial schooling contributes to acceptance of blacks by all students and has especially profound and complex effects on black children.

The relationship of women's sex-role identity to self-esteem and ego development.

The present study examined the relationship of women's sex-role identity to self-esteem and ego development. One hundred fifty-three female undergraduate students at the University of Maryland were the volunteer Ss for this study. During class time these persons completed the Index of Adjustment and Values, used to measure self-esteem, and the Sentence Completion Test, ussed to measure ego development.