Radiology Resident Ownership Scale (RROS): Adapting a Validated Measure of Patient Care Ownership to the Radiology Context.

Rationale And Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a validated instrument to measure radiology residents' sense of psychological ownership of patient care.

Materials And Methods: A previously validated measure of patient care ownership was adapted through a two-step process of expert review and revision by six academic radiology faculty. An online, anonymous survey was distributed to 64 residents and fellows at the end of three consecutive four-week long rotations.

The Influence of Extracurricular Activities on Radiology Resident Selection Decisions.

Purpose: Extracurricular activities (EAs) listed on radiology residency applications can signal traits and characteristics desired in holistic reviews. The authors conducted an objective analysis to determine the influence of EAs on resident selection decisions.

Methods: A discrete-choice experiment was designed to model radiology resident selection and determine the relative weights of EAs among academic and demographic application factors.

A Gamified Social Media-Based Head and Neck Radiology Education Initiative of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology: Viewership and Engagement Trends at 3 Years.

Background And Purpose: Social media has made inroads in medical education. We report the creation and 3-year (2018-2021) longitudinal assessment of the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology Case of the Week (#ASHNRCOTW), assessing viewership, engagement, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on this Twitter-based education initiative.

Materials And Methods: Unknown cases were tweeted from the American Society of Head and Neck Radiology account weekly.

For the Birds: Radiology Parallels, Finding Wellness, and Lessons Learned in Birding.

The popularity of birding has grown substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an activity that can be performed year-round with social distancing in virtually any location, birding shares a striking resemblance to the practice of radiology - so much so that we feel it represents a unique wellness activity that may greatly appeal to radiologists. In this paper, we describe commonalities between birding and radiology, hopefully inspiring readers to get outdoors and commune with nature in this restorative wellness activity.

Factors Influential in the Selection of Radiology Residents in the Post-Step 1 World: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Objectives: Reporting of United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 results will transition from a numerical score to a pass or fail result. We sought an objective analysis to determine changes in the relative importance of resident application attributes when numerical Step 1 results are replaced.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment was designed to model radiology resident selection and determine the relative weights of various application factors when paired with a numerical or pass or fail Step 1 result.

Can the use of deception be justified in medical education research? A point/counterpoint and case study.

Deception is a common feature of behavioral research design, although not commonly employed in the medical literature. It can promote scientific validity but is ethically controversial because it compromises subject autonomy and incurs additional costs.  In this Point/Counterpoint monograph, we review the nature of deception in research and present arguments for and against its ethical use as a research methodology in behavioral studies.

You're Biased! Deal With It.

Widespread implementation of the Implicit Association Test has revealed that most doctors, and many radiologists, hold implicit racial bias. Because implicit bias is thought to drive discrimination, it has emerged as a primary explanation for radiology's ongoing racial disparity. In this critical review of the literature, which includes empirical studies of radiology resident selection, the authors argue that implicit bias is a universal human instinctual characteristic, but one that humans have the capacity to override through more deliberative thought processes.

PET and SPECT Imaging of Brain Neoplasia Mimics.

Several non-neoplastic processes, including infection, inflammation, demyelination, vasculitis, autoimmune disease, and post-treatment changes (radiation therapy or chemoradiation) can result in a mass-like, space-occupying lesion on conventional computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain. Additionally, non-neoplastic processes can produce imaging findings that mimic nontumoral neoplastic involvement of the central nervous system. Such instances pose a substantial diagnostic dilemma for interpreting radiologists, as well as clinicians tasked with determining the appropriate diagnostic tests and therapeutic strategies for these patients.

Secondary Otalgia: Referred Pain Pathways and Pathologies.

Otalgia is very common, and when the cause of ear pain is not identified on otoscopy and physical examination, cross-sectional imaging is routinely used to evaluate for potential sources of referred ear pain (secondary otalgia). Innervation of the ear structures is complex, involving multiple upper cervical, lower cranial, and peripheral nerves, which transit and innervate a large anatomic territory involving the brain, spine, skull base, aerodigestive tract, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, face, orbits, deep spaces of the neck, skin, and viscera. Interpreting radiologists must be familiar with these neural pathways and potential sources of secondary otalgia.

Diffusion MR Imaging in the Head and Neck: Principles and Applications.

Diffusion imaging is a functional MR imaging tool that creates tissue contrast representative of the random, microscopic translational motion of water molecules within human body tissues. Long considered a cornerstone MR imaging sequence for brain imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) increasingly is used for head and neck imaging. This review reports the current state of diffusion techniques for head and neck imaging, including conventional DWI, DWI trace with apparent diffusion coefficient map, diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, and diffusion kurtosis imaging.

COVID-19-Associated Bifacial Weakness with Paresthesia Subtype of Guillain-Barré Syndrome.

We report a case of bifacial weakness with paresthesia, a recognized Guillain-Barré syndrome subtype characterized by rapidly progressive facial weakness and paresthesia without ataxia or other cranial neuropathies, which was temporally associated with antecedent coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). This case highlights a potentially novel but critically important neurologic association of the COVID-19 disease process. Herein, we detail the clinicoradiologic work-up and diagnosis, clinical course, and multidisciplinary medical management of this patient with COVID-19.

An Institutional Academic and Research Track Curriculum for Radiology Residents: Development, Implementation, and Outcomes Assessment at 6 Years.

Rationale And Objectives: We report the creation of a voluntary research development curriculum for radiology residents at our institution, detailing outcomes after 6 years of existence.

Materials And Methods: We developed a comprehensive Academic and Research Track (ART) curriculum for radiology residents in our department, including mentorship, monthly meetings, didactic curriculum, ongoing evaluation/feedback, protected academic time, and financial support. A literature review identified all indexed publications for our residency graduates from 6 years pre- (2007-2012) to 6 years post-ART (2013-2018) intervention.

Awareness of implicit bias mitigates discrimination in radiology resident selection.

Objectives: Implicit bias is common and is thought to drive discriminatory behaviour. Having previously demonstrated discrimination against specific applicant demographics by academic radiology departments in a simulated resident selection process, the authors sought to better understand the relationship between implicit bias and discrimination, as well as the potential and mechanisms for their mitigation.

Methods: A total of 51 faculty reviewers at three academic radiology departments, who had participated in a 2017 audit study in which they were shown to treat applicants differently based on race or ethnicity and physical appearance, were invited to complete testing for implicit racial and weight bias using the Implicit Association Test in 2019.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: PET/CT and PET/MRI of the Pretreatment and Post-Treatment Neck.

The incidence of head and neck cancer continues to rise annually, most commonly squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa). Advances in imaging techniques have improved diagnostic accuracy with important ramifications for initial staging and post-treatment surveillance. FDG-PET/CT and, more recently, FDG-PET/MRI have revolutionized the staging and surveillance of head and neck SCCa.

Normal Patterns and Pitfalls of FDG Uptake in the Head and Neck.

In order to avoid misdiagnoses, medical imagers should be familiar with the normal patterns and distribution of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) activity within the head and neck, as well as the pathophysiology and imaging-findings of common diagnostic pitfalls related to incidental FDG-avid lesions. The purpose of this article is to provide an image-rich review of the normal patterns of FDG uptake in the head and neck, help differentiate benign from malignant incidentally found FDG-avid foci, and detail important "don't miss" hypometabolic head and neck lesions on positron emission tomography/computed tomography and positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging.

Bias in Radiology Resident Selection: Do We Discriminate Against the Obese and Unattractive?

Purpose: To evaluate for appearance-based discrimination in the selection of radiology residents.

Method: A deception study simulating the resident selection process examined the impact of attractiveness and obesity on resident selection. Seventy-four core faculty from 5 academic radiology departments reviewed mock residency applications in September and October 2017.

Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Disease.

The spine is frequently involved in systemic diseases, including those with neuropathic, infectious, inflammatory, rheumatologic, metabolic, and neoplastic etiologies. This article provides an overview of systemic disorders that may affect the spine, which can be subdivided into disorders predominantly involving the musculoskeletal system (including bones, joints, disks, muscles, and tendons) versus those predominantly involving the nervous system. By identifying the predominant pattern of spine involvement, a succinct, appropriate differential diagnosis can be generated.

Electronic and Social Media-based Radiology Learning Initiative: Development, Implementation, Viewership Trends, and Assessment at 1 Year.

Rationale And Objectives: We report the development of a new "Case of the Day" (COTD) educational initiative using email, social media (SoMe), and a website to disseminate content, as well as its trends in viewership and assessment of utility for the first year of implementation.

Materials/methods: Using an image-rich format, a new unknown case was disseminated to radiology trainees and attendings at our institution by email twice per week, including history, salient images, and follow-up questions. Simultaneously, content was externally disseminated on Twitter and a publicly viewable departmental website.

Social Media Utilization at an Academic Radiology Practice.

Rationale And Objectives: We report social media (SoMe) utilization trends at an academic radiology department, highlighting differences between trainees and faculty and between Baby Boomers versus Generation X and Millennials.

Materials And Methods: An anonymous online survey regarding SoMe utilization and SoMe-based educational curriculum was distributed to all radiologists (trainees and faculty) in our department. Regular chi-square, ordered (Mantel-Haenszel) chi-square, and Fischer exact tests were performed.