Transforming the future of ophthalmology: artificial intelligence and robotics' breakthrough role in surgical and medical retina advances: a mini review.

Over the past decade, artificial intelligence (AI) and its subfields, deep learning and machine learning, have become integral parts of ophthalmology, particularly in the field of ophthalmic imaging. A diverse array of algorithms has emerged to facilitate the automated diagnosis of numerous medical and surgical retinal conditions. The development of these algorithms necessitates extensive training using large datasets of retinal images.

A New Technique with Scleral Grooves for Sutureless Scleral Fixation of the Carlevale Intraocular Lens.

Introduction: A novel technique is described employing scleral grooves to facilitate sutureless scleral fixation of the Carlevale intraocular lens (CIL). We describe its use in a series of 47 patients with aphakia.

Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with aphakia who underwent CIL implantation with the new technique by a single surgeon during 1 year.

The Effect of Phacoemulsification on the Intraocular Pressure of Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prcis: There is evidence that cataract surgery can reduce intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle, normal tension, or exfoliative glaucoma. The complete effect of phacoemulsification is masked by topical intraocular pressure-lowering medications.

Purpose: To assess the impact of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) level in individuals with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), exfoliation syndrome (XFS), normal tension glaucoma (NTG), ocular hypertension (OH), or healthy controls 12 months after the surgery.

Acute Corneal Melting Induced by the Concomitant Use of a Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agent with an Antiseptic Eye Drop.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly employed perioperatively to reduce intraoperative prostaglandin release, diminishing pain, preventing miosis, modulating postoperative inflammation, and reducing the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME).

Case Report: A 70-year-old female patient without previous history of ocular or systemic disease was urgently referred to our hospital because of a sudden corneal perforation concerning her left eye (OS). The patient had instilled bromfenac eye drops and antiseptic eye drops twice and four times daily, respectively, for 2 days only, in preparation of scheduled cataract surgery.

Changing from preserved, to preservative-free cyclosporine 0.1% enhanced triple glaucoma therapy: impact on ocular surface disease-a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Halting and reversing glaucoma therapy-related ocular surface disease (GTR-OSD) will improve the success of long-term medical therapy, impacting millions of patients worldwide.

Methods: A single-centre, masked, prospective, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of 41 well-controlled open-angle glaucoma subjects with moderate to severe GTR-OSD on preserved latanoprost and dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) therapy was conducted. Subjects were randomized to preservative-free (PF) tafluprost and DTFC with either placebo or cyclosporine 0.

Development and Validation of the Life for Low Vision Questionnaire (LIFE4LVQ) Using Rasch Analysis: A Questionnaire Evaluating Ability and Independence.

Low vision (LV) has a substantial impact on an individual's daily functionality and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly incorporated into the evaluation of this problem. The objective of this study was to describe the design of the new "Life for Low Vision Questionnaire (LIFE4LVQ)", as a measure of daily functionality in LV and to explore its psychometric properties. A total of 294 participants completed the LIFE4LVQ and the data were subjected to Rasch analysis to determine the psychometric properties of the questionnaire, including response category ordering, item fit statistics, principal component analysis, precision, differential item functioning, and targeting.

Evaluation of a Novel Αb Εxterno MicroShunt for the Treatment of Glaucoma.

The surgical management of glaucoma has been revolutionized by the introduction of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS). The various MIGS options aim to meaningfully lower intraocular pressure with a better safety profile than traditional glaucoma surgery. The key clinical attributes and the emerging potential of an ab externo MicroShunt (PreserFlo™) are reviewed in the context of published evidence and clinical experience.

Plasma levels of sirtuin and adiponectin in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliative glaucoma, and healthy controls.

Purpose: To compare plasma levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adiponectin (APN) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), and healthy control subjects.

Methods: This prospective case-control study collected plasma samples from 118 participants. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination before the acquisition of a plasma sample.

Emerging Treatment Modalities for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Overview.

Introduction: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) represents a leading cause of irreversible visual loss affecting the quality of life of millions of elderly patients worldwide. Although the introduction of intravitreal injections with anti-vascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF) agents has revolutionized the management of nAMD, their effectiveness and ultimate success are limited by several therapeutic challenges. Consequently, real-world efficacy appears significantly inferior to that reported by randomized controlled trials.

A new look at the safety and tolerability of prostaglandin analogue eyedrops in glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Introduction: In the last 25 years, topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) have emerged to become first line and first choice therapeutic options in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension (OHT). Although the short-term efficacy and safety of PGAs has been extensively investigated, less is known about their long term safety and tolerability. This gap in current knowledge is clinically relevant, because treatment-related adverse events and long-term tolerability issues are key determinants of the overall success of long-term therapy and the final outcome of a lifelong, symptomless disease like glaucoma.

A Case-Cohort Study of Exfoliation Risk Factors and Literature Review.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with exfoliation in a case-cohort setting and literature review. This single-center, prospective, case-cohort study was carried out from January 2010 to April 2020 on patients operated for cataract surgery by a single surgeon in Lebanon. Forty-nine consecutive patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and 62 consecutive control patients were identified and further investigated for selected systemic (diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, asthma, or atopy) and ocular variables (baseline vision, severity of nuclear sclerosis, glaucoma, eye rubbing, history of dry eye, or allergic eye disease).

Glaucoma and neuroinflammation: An overview.

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by well-defined optic disc morphological changes (i.e., cup enlargement, neuroretinal border thinning, and notching, papillary vessel modifications) consequent to retinal ganglion cell loss, axonal degeneration, and lamina cribrosa remodeling.

The treatment of glaucoma using topical preservative-free agents: an evaluation of safety and tolerability.

: Preservative-free (PF) medications represent a valuable treatment strategy in the lifelong management of glaucoma. By removing preservative toxicity, PF formulations provide tangible clinical benefits to glaucoma patients worldwide. They improve tolerability and adherence, leading to a positive impact in long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control.

Dorzolamide/Timolol Fixed Combination: Learning from the Past and Looking Toward the Future.

The key clinical attributes of preserved dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination (DTFC) and the emerging potential of preservative-free (PF) DTFC are reviewed with published evidence and clinical experience. The indications and role of DTFC in current glaucoma management are critically discussed. Preserved DTFC became the first intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering fixed combination (FC) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and remains one of most commonly used medications worldwide.

Current and emerging fixed combination therapies in glaucoma: a safety and tolerability review.

Introduction: Fixed dose combinations (FCs) represent a potentially valuable treatment strategy in glaucoma management. Fixed combinations not only improve adherence by reducing the medication burden, but also decrease the total amount of potentially deleterious preservatives an eye is exposed to.

Areas Covered: We provide a critical review of selected evidence on both the safety and tolerability of presently available and emerging glaucoma FCs.

Novel Insights into the Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Through the Ocular Surface and its Detection in Tears and Conjunctival Secretions: A Review.

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus that spreads mainly via person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets, or through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces from an infected person. At present we are passing through a phase of slow and painful understanding of the origin, epidemiological profile, clinical spectrum, and risk profile of the virus. To the best of our knowledge there is only limited and contradictory evidence concerning SARS-CoV-2 transmission through other routes.

Management of Full-Thickness Macular Hole in A Genetically Confirmed Case with Usher Syndrome.

Introduction: Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) formation is rarely seen in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and can have an adverse impact on their residual visual function. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and clinical experience is limited regarding surgical outcomes. Here, we describe the surgical management of FTMH in a young patient with genetically confirmed Usher syndrome, the most common form of syndromic RP.

Correction to: 24-Hour Efficacy and Ocular Surface Health with Preservative-Free Tafluprost Alone and in Conjunction with Preservative-Free Dorzolamide/Timolol Fixed Combination in Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients Insufficiently Controlled with Preserved Latanoprost Monotherapy.

In the original article, the incorrect Open Access License type has been incuded.

Serum Apelin and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels in Patients With Exfoliation Syndrome or Exfoliative Glaucoma.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Apelin and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentrations, affecting the nitric oxide pathway, were different in the patient group compared with the control subjects. These 2 molecules may have potential effects in vascular pathologies and their possible role in predisposition to vascular comorbidities in exfoliation syndrome (XFS) or exfoliative glaucoma (XFG).

Purpose: To evaluate apelin and ADMA levels in serum samples from patients with XFS or XFG compared with healthy control subjects.

Author Correction: Vision-related quality of life and symptom perception change over time in newly-diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma patients.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Infusion warm during selective hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke.

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has dramatically improved the prognosis for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Despite high recanalization rates, up to half of the patients will not present a good neurological outcome after MT. Therapeutic hypothermia is perhaps the most robust neuroprotectant studied preclinically.

Nanotechnology for Medical and Surgical Glaucoma Therapy-A Review.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Even though significant advances have been made in its management, currently available antiglaucoma therapies suffer from considerable drawbacks. Typically, the success and efficacy of glaucoma medications are undermined by their limited bioavailability to target tissues and the inadequate adherence demonstrated by patients with glaucoma.