Retrospective epidemiological study of the width of maxillary diastema in patients from northeastern Bulgaria.

A maxillary diastema (MD) is identified when the gap between the central incisors exceeds 0.5 mm. It poses an a and phonetic concern, often seen in mixed dentition and occasionally continuing into permanent dentition.

Components of Oral Health Related to Motor Impairment in Children With Neuropsychiatric Disorders.

Introduction Oral health significantly influences functions such as chewing, swallowing, and overall well-being. Children with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) often experience compromised oral functions, escalating their risk of malnutrition. Materials and methods Our study, conducted in Varna, Bulgaria, from April to October 2017, aimed to evaluate some components of the oral health of 49 children with NPD and its relation to their motor impairments.

Clinically Unusual Pigmented Lesion of the Buccal Mucosa: A Case Report.

We present a rare clinical case of a 64-year-old patient with a pigmented lesion localized in the left buccal mucosa. Subjective complaints of slight pain and discomfort in the process of eating and increased sensitivity when consuming hot food were reported. According to the information provided by the patient, the lesion had progressively increased in size.

Salivary creatinine and urea in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease could not be used as diagnostic biomarkers for the effectiveness of dialysis treatment.

Introduction: End-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by kidney failure with the organ's functions reduced or lost completely, where the kidneys are incapable of filtering excess fluids. Renal replacement therapy may be provided by peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis or renal transplantation. Among the key indicators for tracking patients' current status are urea and creatinine levels.

Taste disorders in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease.

The authors aimed to explore taste distortion in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). One hundred and four patients were divided into a control group and a study group. The data was collected through a questionnaire and was statistically analyzed.

Wilson's disease in association with anetoderma.

Background: Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper homeostasis with predominantly hepatic and neuropsychiatric involvement. Anetoderma is a rare benign condition with focal damage of dermal elastic tissue. Previous reports described this skin disorder in association with prolonged D-Penicillamine therapy.

[Maternal biochemical screening -- an approach for genetic prevention. part 2. sequential approach with integrated risk assessment].

Unlabelled: Performance of 2,5 year experience onprenatal (maternal) screening by integrated risk for Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome is presented in pregnant women underwent first (11(+0)-13(+6) g.w) and second trimester screening (14(+4)-19(+3) g.w), assessed by an integrated risk.

[Maternal biochemical screening -- an approach for genetic prevention. part 1. first and second trimester screening].

Unlabelled: The aim is to perform our eight-year experience on prenatal (matemal) screening for Down syndrome (DS).

Methods: Pregnant women underwent screening in second trimester (ST2) - 14(+4)-19(+3) gestational week using serum AFP and free beta-hCG biochemical markers. A more sensitive first trimester test has been implemented in 11(+0)-13(+6) gestational weeks since the end of 2009.

[The experience of the genetic laboratory in Varna on maternal serum screening for a six year period].

The aim of the presentation is to report the results of the Genetic laboratory in University hospital "St. Marina" Varna on second (15-19 gw) and first trimester (12-14 gw) maternal serum screening for common chromosome disorders, for the period 2005-2010. The test was performed on 10741 pregnant women from 8 regions of North-Eastern Bulgaria: 9743 women were screened in the second trimester (8251 at the age < 36 and 1492 at the age > 36) and 998 women - in the first trimester (827 at the age < 36 and 171 at the age > 36).

[The experience in genetic laboratory Varna in amniocentesis and genetic analysis for the period 2006-2010].

The aim of this report is to present and discuss the results from diagnostic amniocenteses, performed in Varna. The test started as a part of a prophylaxis program for pregnant women with calculated high risk for chromosomal disorders after a screening test. Amniocentesis was performed in total of 283 pregnant women.

CHEK2 I157T and colorectal cancer in Bulgaria.

Purpose: Germline variants of the CHEK2 gene have been shown to act as low-penetrance cancer susceptibility alleles for a wide range of human malignancies. CHEK2 I157T has particularly been linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. We aimed at establishing the population frequency and contribution of this variant to colorectal carcinogenesis in Bulgaria.

Rare mutations in the PIK3CA gene contribute to aggressive endometrial cancer.

The molecular basis of endometrial cancer (EC), a common gynecologic malignancy, often includes mutational activation of the PIK3CA and KRAS genes. We aimed to determine the distribution of mutations in the two genes depending on patient clinocopathological characteristics. We sequenced exon 1 of the KRAS gene and exons 9 and 20 of the PIK3CA gene in 108 consecutive EC tumor samples.

CHEK2 I157T and endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive system in the industrialized world. Similar to other common diseases, gene variations are believed to be able to alter an individual's predisposition to developing the disease. The CHEK2 gene encodes a tumor suppressor that takes part in various cell processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis.

Frequency and application of the hot spot BRAF gene mutation (p.V600E) in the diagnostic strategy for Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer.

Background: BRAF somatic mutations were reported with high frequency in sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability (MSI). The hot spot c. 1799 T>A, p.

Microsatellite instability in Bulgarian patients with endometrial cancer.

Purpose: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a frequent event in different types of cancer. In several studies MSI was shown to have both clinical and prognostic value. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of MSI in Bulgarian patients with endometrial cancer (EC) and the possible relation of this phenomenon to their clinicopathological characteristics.

Immunostimulating and protective effects of an oral polybacterial immunomodulator 'Dentavax' in a rabbit experimental model.

The immunostimulating and protective effects of an oral polybacterial immunomodulator, Dentavax (D), composed of killed cells from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Lactobacillus acidophilus and their lysates, have been investigated on an experimental rabbit model. In this model, mixed suspensions of the above bacterial wild strains have been injected in six sides of oral mucosa. A long-lasting inflammation with the development of infiltrates and confluating abscesses has been observed.

Stimulating effect of an oral polybacterial immunomodulator on the proliferative activity of guinea pig lymphocytes.

A preparation for the prophylaxis and treatment of inflammations of oral mucosa and parodont Dentavax (D) was investigated in guinea pigs. Animals were given orally D for 5 consecutive days and a month later the procedure was repeated. On day 3, 10, 21, and 28 after immunization and reimmunization lymphoproliferative responses to PHA, rIL-2, LPS and D were measured by the radiometric blast transformation assay in peripheral blood, spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches (PP).

Cystic fibrosis mutations and associated haplotypes in Bulgaria - a comparative population genetic study.

We present data on the population genetics of cystic fibrosis (CF) in Bulgaria, obtained by comprehensive mutation analysis and the construction of intragenic microsatellite haplotypes. The sample of 262 CF alleles analysed is representative of the patients diagnosed during the period of referral and of the three main ethnic groups in the country. deltaF508 accounted for 100% of Gypsy CF alleles, which thus differed significantly from both Bulgarians and ethnic Turks.

[The isolation and characteristics of a chemically modified allergen (allergoid) from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites].

Chemically modified allergens (allergoids) were obtained from house dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The allergenicity of allergoids in comparison with commercial mite allergen was determined by the skin prick test and by the in vitro test of degranulation of passively sensitized rat mast cells. Changes in allergoid molecules were determined with the use of gel filtration in a column packed with Sephadex G-75, isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, the determination of the concentration of end amino groups and the enzymatic activity of preparations, as well as HPLC.

Osteomesopycnosis.

The radiographic findings in two children with osteomesopycnosis are described. This is the first report in the Australian literature of this uncommon, recently described entity.

[Evaluation of the biological activity of allergens by different in vivo and in vitro immunological methods].

The specific activity of different allergens has been studied in vivo and in vitro by certain immunological methods (complement inactivation, mastocyte degranulation, neutrophil damage index, lymphocyte blast transformation). The results obtained by the skin allergic tests have been found to correlate well with those obtained by the in vitro methods. This allows one to use these methods for a more complete characterization of allergens and their standardization.