An investigation of the basic physics of irrigation in urology and the role of automated pump irrigation in cystoscopy.

Objective: To investigate the effects of height, external pressure, and bladder fullness on the flow rate in continuous, non-continuous cystoscopy and the automated irrigation fluid pumping system (AIFPS).

Materials: Each experiment had two 2-litre 0.9% saline bags connected to a continuous, non-continuous cystoscope or AIFPS via irrigation tubing.