Systematic review and meta-analysis of vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes.

This systematic review and meta-analysis provides an update on the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We searched MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE and the drug manufacturer's website for randomised controlled trials of vildagliptin in patients with T2DM. Sixty-nine studies (28,006 patients) were included in the meta-analysis.

Debilitating chronic diarrhea caused by generalized gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent adult.

Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients, especially patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and transplant recipients. In contrast, CMV infection of the gastrointestinal tract is rare in immunocompetent individuals. We report a case of severe, protracted, and debilitating diarrhea caused by generalized CMV infection of the gastrointestinal tract in an elderly woman with no apparent immunosuppression.

Tissue and swab culture in diabetic foot infections: neuropathic versus neuroischemic ulcers.

We evaluated the diagnostic performance of swabs versus tissue cultures in 28 diabetic patients with neuropathic (group A) and 22 diabetic patients with neuroischemic foot ulcer (group B) and the differences in bacterial isolates between the 2 groups. In group A, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of swab cultures for the diagnosis of infection were 100%, 40%, 88.5%, and 100%, respectively.

Anatomic variations of the right hepatic duct: results and surgical implications from a cadaveric study.

Purpose. Thorough understanding of biliary anatomy is required when performing surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary system. This study describes the anatomical variations of right bile ducts in terms of branching and drainage patterns, and determines their frequency.

Uncoupling protein-2 45-base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism: is there an association with severe obesity and weight loss in morbidly obese subjects?

Background: Uncoupling proteins are attractive candidate genes for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to investigate the potential association of the uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) 45-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism with obesity, as well as the potential effect of this polymorphism on weight loss variability in severely obese subjects.

Methods: A total of 158 severely obese subjects (94 without and 64 with metabolic syndrome) and 91 age and sex-matched lean controls were recruited.

Serotonin receptor 2A -1438G/A promoter polymorphism in relation to obesity and response to sibutramine.

Aims: Serotonin has been related to appetite and body weight control. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association of the -1438 /A promoter polymorphism of the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2AR) gene with obesity-related variables and response to sibutramine.

Patients/methods: We examined the potential impact of this polymorphism on obesity and related metabolic traits in a cohort of 234 overweight/obese and 103 lean Greek subjects.

Accuracy of the Neuropad test for the diagnosis of distal symmetric polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To estimate the accuracy of Neuropad for the diagnosis and staging of distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DPN) across different stages of neuropathy, using multiple-level likelihood ratios (LRs) to interpret the time necessary to complete the color change of the test.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, cohort-type diagnostic accuracy study in 251 consecutive adult type 2 diabetic patients with no peripheral arterial disease or other potential causes of neuropathy, who were recruited between January 2005 and December 2008 from the diabetes outpatient clinics in Alexandroupolis Hospital, Greece. Patients were tested for DPN by means of the neuropathy disability score (NDS) and Neuropad.

Evaluation of a new foam to increase skin hydration of the foot in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new product (Neuropad repair foam(®)) in promoting skin hydration of the foot in type 2 diabetes. Included in this study were 20 type 2 diabetic patients (10 men, mean age 61·40 ± 2·44 years). Patients applied Neuropad repair foam(®) on the plantar aspect of the right foot twice daily.

Association between foot temperature and sudomotor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Background And Aims: Increased foot skin temperature has been described as a feature of diabetic neuropathy. The aim of this present study was to investigate the association between foot temperature and sudomotor dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Patients And Methods: This study included 51 patients (group A: 25 men, mean age 61.

Sensitivity and specificity of a new indicator test (Neuropad) for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: a comparison with clinical examination and nerve conduction study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a new indicator test (Neuropad) for the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes patients as compared with clinical examination and nerve conduction study (NCS).

Patients And Methods: This study included 120 type 2 diabetes patients (58 men) with a mean age of 67.3 +/- 5.

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype on collagen type I synthesis and degradation in patients with atrial fibrillation and arterial hypertension.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphisms on circulating markers of collagen type I synthesis and degradation, and also to study the effect of therapy with ACE inhibitors on these markers in hypertensive patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Research Design And Methods: ACE I/D genotypes were assessed in 158 hypertensive patients (71 +/- 9 years; 72 male) with AF and 174 patients with arterial hypertension in sinus rhythm (SR) (71 +/- 9 years; 88 male). Serum concentrations of amino-terminal propeptide of pro-collagen type I (PINP) and of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CITP), indices of collagen type I synthesis and degradation, respectively, were measured.

The new indicator test (Neuropad): a valuable diagnostic tool for small-fiber impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new indicator test for sudomotor function (Neuropad) in the diagnosis of small-fiber impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study included 123 patients with type 2 diabetes (59 men; mean age, 64.3 +/- 8.

Thyroxine replacement dose in patients with Hashimoto disease: a potential role for interleukin-6.

Objective: To investigate the potential association between serum inflammatory cytokine levels and thyroxine replacement dose in patients with Hashimoto disease.

Patients And Methods: The study included 40 patients (12 men) with a mean age of 56.52+/-6.

Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss.

Objective: To investigate whether four common polymorphisms (-2578C/A, -1154G/A, -634G/C, and 936C/T) of the gene encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are associated with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage.

Design: Prospective case-control study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms and pre-eclampsia.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in physiological vasculogenesis and vascular permeability and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Our present study was undertaken to identify associations between three functional VEGF gene polymorphisms, linked with altered VEGF gene responsiveness, and pre-eclampsia. The study involved 42 pre-eclamptic and 73 healthy control women who were genotyped for the -2578C/A, -634G/C and 936C/T polymorphisms of the VEGF gene.

Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and ripening of feta and telemes cheeses.

Pasteurized whole ewe's and cow's milk was used in the manufacture of Feta end Telemes cheeses, respectively, according to standard procedures. In both cases, the milk had been inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 at a concentration of ca. 5.