Digital Twins' Advancements and Applications in Healthcare, Towards Precision Medicine.

This review examines the significant influence of Digital Twins (DTs) and their variant, Digital Human Twins (DHTs), on the healthcare field. DTs represent virtual replicas that encapsulate both medical and physiological characteristics-such as tissues, organs, and biokinetic data-of patients. These virtual models facilitate a deeper understanding of disease progression and enhance the customization and optimization of treatment plans by modeling complex interactions between genetic factors and environmental influences.

Artificial intelligence in Nuclear Medicine Physics and Imaging.

No one can deny the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on everyday life, especially in the health sector where it has emerged as a crucial and beneficial tool in Nuclear Medicine (NM) and molecular imaging. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of AI in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), with or without anatomical information (CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)). This review analyzes subsets of AI, such as machine learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), and elaborates on their applications in NM imaging (NMI) physics, including the generation of attenuation maps, estimation of scattered events, depth of interaction (DOI), time of flight (TOF), NM image reconstruction (optimization of the reconstruction algorithm), and low dose imaging.

Treatment of carotid cavernous sinus fistulas with flow diverters. A case report and systematic review.

Introduction: Carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are rare, usually follow head trauma or aneurysmal rupture. Recent treatment options include endovascular techniques such as flow diversion devices (FDDs).

Objective: To present our case treated with FDD application with transarterial cavernous-sinus coiling and present a systematic review on the use and effectiveness of FDDs in CCF treatment.

A new methodology for the measurement of the root canal curvature and its 3D modification after instrumentation.

Objective: In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) modification of root canal curvature was measured, after the application of Reciproc instrumentation technique, by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and a special algorithm developed for the 3D measurement of the curvature of the root canal.

Materials And Methods: Thirty extracted upper molars were selected. Digital radiographs for each tooth were taken.

Symmetric subspace learning for image analysis.

Subspace learning (SL) is one of the most useful tools for image analysis and recognition. A large number of such techniques have been proposed utilizing a priori knowledge about the data. In this paper, new subspace learning techniques are presented that use symmetry constraints in their objective functions.

Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with Delta plasty: an innovative approach with hamstrings' transfer and double tibial tunnel.

We propose a new technique, with double bundle, double tibial tunnels with a bridge between them, using the hamstrings as auto-grafts, retaining either their central or peripheral attachment. A prospective series of 41 patients underwent primary reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament by one surgeon, arthroscopically and electronically assisted; 37 were men and 4 were women with a mean age of 24.7 years.

Comparison of fixation methods of double-bundle double-tibial tunnel ACL reconstruction and double-bundle single-tunnel technique.

An experimental study was conducted in order to evaluate biomechanical methods of single-bundle reconstruction in ACL and compare it with a new double-bundle double-tibial tunnel technique. Twenty-four porcine cadaver knees, divided into 4 groups of 6 knees each and 48 proper extensors of the fourth toe tendons, were used for the fixation techniques. In groups A and B, a double-bundle technique with a single femoral and tibial tunnel was used, fixed to a femoral and tibial post with screws and with buttons, respectively.

ACL reconstruction and the implication of its tibial attachment for stability of the joint: anthropometric and biomechanical study.

The planar topography of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion was investigated and correlated to the use of the double-bundle/double tibial tunnel ACL reconstruction technique within the ACL tibial insertion area. The anteroposterior and mediolateral length of the tibial ACL attachment and the distances of the tibial insertion area from the anterior and posterior tibial borders were measured and the stability of the joint was tested using the double-bundle/double tibial tunnel ACL reconstruction technique. The anteroposterior length, 19.