Humanitarian forensic medicine: a systematic review.

Various concerns relating to international humanitarian law and human rights were risen by natural catastrophes (tsunamis, floods, fires), the Covid-19 pandemic, the epidemic breakouts of Ebola, as well as the significant migrant wave observed in the Mediterranean region. Forensic Medicine has direct interactions with both domestic and international law, and thus is frequently asked to provide solutions for these issues. The term "Humanitarian Forensic Action" (HFA), which refers to the application of forensic science to serve humanitarian endeavors, was created.

Forensic investigation into head trauma in combat sports, blunt force homicides, and traditional martial arts.

Background: The analysis of circumstantial elements in post-mortem examinations is crucial for identifying perpetrators in unarmed close-range homicides. This study explores the forensic analysis of head trauma fatalities related to combat sports, blunt force trauma homicides, and traditional martial arts (TMA), aiming to bridge the gap between historical martial arts documentation and modern forensic pathology.

Materials And Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review and interdisciplinary analysis combining traditional forensic methods with the study of TMA manuscripts and consultations with martial arts experts.

Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Sciences: A Systematic Review of Past and Current Applications and Future Perspectives.

The aim of this study is to review the available knowledge concerning the use of artificial Intelligence (AI) in general in different areas of Forensic Sciences from human identification to postmortem interval estimation and the estimation of different causes of death. This paper aims to emphasize the different uses of AI, especially in Forensic Medicine, and elucidate its technical part. This will be achieved through an explanation of different technologies that have been so far employed and through new ideas that may contribute as a first step to the adoption of new practices and to the development of new technologies.

Quality of life after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis: an assessment from a prospective national registry.

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is frequently used in the management of brain metastasis patients. However, there is an urgent need to evaluate post-treatment outcomes and quality of life metrics for patients undergoing SRS for brain metastases.

Methods: The NeuroPoint Alliance (NPA) SRS Quality Registry conducted prospective enrollment of patients undergoing SRS from 2017 to 2024.

The Effect of C2 Muscular Exposure Technique on Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes After C2-T2 Posterior Cervical Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective: To determine whether the C2 exposure technique was a predictor of change in cervical alignment and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) after posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) for degenerative indications.

Background: In PCDF handling of the C2 posterior paraspinal musculature during the operative approach varies by surgeon technique.

The effect of C2 screw type on perioperative outcomes and long-term stability after C2-T2 posterior cervical decompression and fusion.

Purpose: To determine if C2 pedicle versus pars screw type predicts change in fusion status, C2 screw loosening, cervical alignment, and patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) after C2-T2 posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PDCF).

Methods: All adult patients who underwent C2-T2 PCDF for myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy between 2013-2020 were retrospectively identified. Patients were dichotomized by C2 screw type into bilateral C2 pedicle and bilateral C2 pars screw groups.

Intrathecal delivery of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in traumatic spinal cord injury: Phase I trial.

Intrathecal delivery of autologous culture-expanded adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) could be utilized to treat traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). This Phase I trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03308565) included 10 patients with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade A or B at the time of injury.

Transforming Outcomes of Spine Surgery-Exploring the Power of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of 15 198 Patients.

Background And Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to optimize patient outcomes by reducing the surgical stress response, expediting recovery, and reducing care costs. We aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing ERAS protocols on the perioperative surgical outcomes and financial implications associated with spine surgeries.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies directly comparing outcome differences between spine surgeries performed with and without utilization of ERAS pathways was conducted along Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

The NeuroPoint alliance SRS & tumor QOD registries.

Objective: Along with the increasing interest in real-world evidence in neuro-oncology, the deficiencies of prior population-based and quality registries became evident. The neuro-oncological quality registries of the NeuroPoint Alliance (NPA) focus on neuro-oncological surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and aim to fill the gaps of neuro-oncological practice in quality surveillance and real-world research.

Methods: Herein, we discuss the historical background, design process, and features of the NPA SRS and Tumor QOD registries.

Infant Pneumonitis Due to a Tracheoesophageal Fistula: A Presentation of Two Autopsy Cases.

Both esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represent a rather uncommon congenital abnormality that is the result of abnormal tracheoesophageal organogenesis. Although EA, with or without TEF, is relatively uncommon, it represents the most common upper gastrointestinal birth defect. Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are anatomically classified into five types according to the Gross classification (types A, B, C, D, E/H).

Stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases: a prospective study using the NeuroPoint Alliance Stereotactic Radiosurgery Registry.

Objective: The literature on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs) managed using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) relies mainly on single-institution studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs). There is a literature gap on clinical and radiological outcomes of SRS for NSCLC metastases in real-world practice. The objective of this study was to benchmark mortality and progression outcomes in patients undergoing SRS for NSCLC BMs and identify risk factors for these outcomes using a national quality registry.

Domestic and Community Violence in Greece After the First COVID-19 Quarantine: A Clinical Forensic Approach.

Many scientists expressed their concerns regarding the impact of COVID-19-related quarantine measures on interpersonal violence, mainly concerning children and intimate partners, as well as other negative psychological effects. During early 2020, free circulation in Greece was prohibited for 42 days, up until May 4th. The aim of our study was to investigate characteristics of bodily harm allegation cases referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology of the Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, during the first month succeeding free circulation re-establishment in the broader Attica region.

Current Applications of Machine Learning for Spinal Cord Tumors.

Spinal cord tumors constitute a diverse group of rare neoplasms associated with significant mortality and morbidity that pose unique clinical and surgical challenges. Diagnostic accuracy and outcome prediction are critical for informed decision making and can promote personalized medicine and facilitate optimal patient management. Machine learning has the ability to analyze and combine vast amounts of data, allowing the identification of patterns and the establishment of clinical associations, which can ultimately enhance patient care.

Non-Fatal Attacks by Dogs: Characteristics of Victims and Attacking Dogs, From the Forensic Perspective: A Series of 106 Cases From Athens, Greece, and Brief Review of the Literature.

Introduction: The close association of dogs with humans may explain the fact that dog bites are possibly the most common animal bites recorded. The relevant data concerning Greece is scarce. We aimed to study this phenomenon by describing its characteristics.

Cardiac Involvement and Subsequent Death due to Extranodal NK/T Cell Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: An Autopsy Case and Brief Review of the Literature.

Cardiac tumors range from benign to high grade malignancies. The incidence of cardiac involvement either by primary, or secondary tumors during autopsy is reported to be extremely low. Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type is an unusual type of lymphoma.

Resection of Symptomatic Pineal Cysts Provides Durable Clinical Improvement: A Breakdown of Presenting Symptoms and Lessons Learned.

Background: Surgical resection of symptomatic pineal cysts without hydrocephalus remains controversial because patients can present with variable symptoms. Hesitancies in surgical decision-making include determining surgical candidacy and whether results would be durable.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on patients who underwent resection of their pineal cysts in our practice.

Biological rhythms of fatal myocardial infarction in Greece: an autopsy study.

Background: Biological rhythms, acting as an endogenous clock, prepare and assist the organism to function optimally during predictable seasonal and daily cycles. Many elements of the cardiovascular system exhibit specific rhythmical patterns. Besides genetic mechanisms, external stimuli may alter biological rhythms.