The Importance of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and the Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as Biomarkers for Differentiating Complicated and Uncomplicated Appendicitis.

Background: This specific study evaluates the accuracy of two ratios, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte (N/L) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte (P/L), as inflammatory markers on differentiating simple and complicated appendicitis preoperatively.

Methods: The medical records of 341 children, up to 16 years old, with suspected acute appendicitis (AA) who underwent appendectomy, laparoscopic or open, between January 2020 and December 2022, in our department, were retrospectively reviewed. Routine blood exams and the demographic details were obtained.

Immune Specific and Tumor-Dependent mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Reprogramming Clinical Translation into Tumor Editing Therapy.

Extensive research into mRNA vaccines for cancer therapy in preclinical and clinical trials has prepared the ground for the quick development of immune-specific mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therapeutic cancer vaccines based on mRNA are well tolerated, and are an attractive choice for future cancer immunotherapy. Ideal personalized tumor-dependent mRNA vaccines could stimulate both humoral and cellular immunity by overcoming cancer-induced immune suppression and tumor relapse.

Tumor cell metabolic reprogramming and hypoxic immunosuppression: driving carcinogenesis to metastatic colonization.

A significant factor in the antitumor immune response is the increased metabolic reprogramming of immunological and malignant cells. Increasing data points to the fact that cancer metabolism affects not just cancer signaling, which is essential for maintaining carcinogenesis and survival, but also the expression of immune cells and immune-related factors such as lactate, PGE2, arginine, IDO, which regulate the antitumor immune signaling mechanism. In reality, this energetic interaction between the immune system and the tumor results in metabolic competition in the tumor ecosystem, limiting the amount of nutrients available and causing microenvironmental acidosis, which impairs the ability of immune cells to operate.

Immunoengineering via Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy: Reprogramming Nanodrug Delivery.

Following its therapeutic effect in hematological metastasis, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has gained a great deal of attention during the last years. However, the effectiveness of this treatment has been hampered by a number of challenges, including significant toxicities, difficult access to tumor locations, inadequate therapeutic persistence, and manufacturing problems. Developing novel techniques to produce effective CARs, administer them, and monitor their anti-tumor activity in CAR-T cell treatment is undoubtedly necessary.

A Bilateral, Non-syndromic, Type III Second Branchial Arch Sinus in a Neonate: a Case Report.

Unlabelled: The incidence of a second branchial arch sinus accounts for 26-60% of all existing congenital malformations deriving from the branchial apparatus. They are most usually detected between 14 months and 7 years of age, while their incidence during neonatal period and infancy accounts for 0.06% of all cases.

Bronchopulmonary sequestrations in a paediatric centre: ongoing practices and debated management.

Objectives: Bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) is the second most common congenital lung malformation, with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.15% to 1.8%.

Acute primary mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus in a 6 years old child; the contribution of ultrasonographic findings to the prompt diagnosis (a case report and review of the literature).

The aim of the present case study is to raise concern on the proper diagnostic approach of acute gastric volvulus (AGV) cases, in which, the key issue is the timely diagnosis and the prompt therapeutic intervention. After thorough and systematic research of the current literature, it is concluded that early diagnosis remains challenging, while there is no relevant publication with emphasis on the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnostic documentation of AGV. A 6 years old boy was admitted to our Department due to repeatedly non bilious vomiting and food refusal during the last 72 hours before admission.

Cystic Lymphangioma of the Chest Wall in a 5-Year-Old Male Patient: A Rare and Atypical Localization-A Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Lymphangioma is a benign congenital malformation. The extremely rare and atypical localization of a lymphangioma in the chest wall was the real motive for the present case study. A 5-year-old boy was admitted to the Emergency Department of the 1st Department of Pediatric Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, due to the presence of a mildly painful swelling in the left lateral chest wall, which was first noticed three months ago, after a blunt injury during sport.

Transient testicular torsion: from early diagnosis to appropriate therapeutic intervention (a prospective clinical study).

Transient testicular torsion (TTT) occurs when the torsion of the spermatic cord is reversed automatically within few minutes, with subsequent restoration of the blood ow to the suffering testis. e main clinical manifestation is acute scrotal pain, which resolves within a short period of time, usually few minutes. In 25% of patients su er from nausea and vomiting, besides the scrotal discomfort.

Epididymal Adenomatoid Tumor: A Very Rare Paratesticular Tumor of Childhood.

Adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon benign mesothelial neoplasm, usually localized in the epididymis. It is the most common paratesticular tumor of middle-aged patients (average age of clinical presentation: 36 years). However, these tumors in pediatric and pubertal patients are extremely rare.

Multiple Gastric Erosion Early after a 3 V Lithium Battery (CR2025) Ingestion in an 18-Month-Old Male Patient: Consideration about the Proper Time of Intervention.

. Button battery ingestion is considered an emergency situation in pediatric patients that needs to be managed promptly; otherwise, it may lead to serious and potentially lethal complications, especially when it is impacted in the esophagus. Less attention has been given in cases where the battery passes into the stomach, with guidelines for emergency intervention being based on the presence of symptoms.

Ulcerated Scrotal Hemangioma in an 18-Month-Old Male Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Deep scrotal hemangiomas are rare. Less than 50 case reports have been published. After systematic research of the literature, we found less than 5 cases of ulcerated scrotal hemangioma.

Clinical Study of 23 Male Patients with Congenital Ventral Penile Angulation without Hypospadias.

Congenital ventral penile angulation without hypospadias is a rare disease and causes great anxiety to the parents. The aim of our study is the presentation of this disease, especially the indications of surgical treatment and the protocol applied in our clinic. We retrospectively studied 23 male patients aged 2.

Lower esophageal sphincter relaxation by administrating hyoscine-N-butylbromide for esophageal impaction by coin - shaped foreign bodies; prospective clinical study in pediatric population.

Aim of the present study is the presentation of our experience in conservative treatment of coin-shaped, ingested foreign bodies in lower esophagus and the consideration about the indications of this method's appliance in clinical practice. From 2011 to 2014, 79 children in total (45 male - 34 female), aged from 8 months to 13 years (average 4.8 years) were admitted to our Department due to foreign body ingestion.

Increased anxiety level and high salivary and serum cortisol concentrations in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosal disorders. The aim of the study was to determine any association between anxiety levels and concentrations of salivary and serum cortisol in patients with RAS. It has been suggested that stress with its presumed effects on the immune system, constitutes one of the major causative agents of RAS.