Eco-efficiency convergence and technology spillovers of European industries.

European policies regarding global warming have been outspread the last few decades with many initiatives focusing on industrial production process. In this paper we model eco-efficiency (ECOE) performance under a metafrontier (MF) framework for 14 industries of the manufacturing sector from 27 European countries over the 1995-2011 period. The utilization of NO, SO, CO, CH, NO, CO, NMVOC and NH as undesirable outputs represent the impact of industrial activities on the environment.