Anaphylaxis in infancy: An area that needs to be highlighted.

Anaphylaxis, the most severe end of the spectrum of allergic reactions, has shown increasing incidence globally over recent years. This hypersensitivity reaction can occur at any age, including infancy. Recent data, although scarce, show that anaphylaxis is increasingly reported in infancy, with food identified as the leading cause of anaphylaxis cases in this age group.

Childhood interstitial lung disease survivors in adulthood: a European collaborative study.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is rarer in children (chILD) than adults, but with increasing diagnostic awareness, more cases are being discovered. chILD prognosis is often poor, but increasing numbers are now surviving into adulthood.

Aim: To characterize chILD-survivors and identify their impact on adult-ILD centers.

Do cooking techniques influence copper bioaccesibility in foods after in vitro digestion/fermentation in adults and children?

Cu is essential for the growth and organism health. Classically, its available fraction has been studied by in vitro digestion studies as a measure of bioaccessibility of Cu (Cu-BA). In this work we applied a novel in vitro digestion/fermentation method to multiple foods subjected to different home cooking techniques (raw form vs.

Specific Gut Microbiome Signatures in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy.

Although gut dysbiosis is associated with cow's milk allergy (CMA), causality remains uncertain. This study aimed to identify specific bacterial signatures that influence the development and outcome of the disease. We also investigated the effect of hypoallergenic formula (HF) consumption on the gut microbiome of milk-allergic children.

Evaluation of treatment and long-term management of anaphylaxis in pediatric departments of Greece: a 2-year nationwide survey.

Background: Anaphylaxis proportions of incidence are increasing globally. However, limited data are available regarding anaphylaxis in the pediatric population of Greece.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate management of anaphylaxis in Greek pediatric departments.

"Antibiotic hypersensitivity reactions in Cystic Fibrosis: A thorough inspection on a stumbling block in patient care".

One hurdle in the management of CF, a disease characterized by progressive endobronchial infection, is the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobials due to prolonged and repetitive treatment courses. The aim of this review is to compile existing data and provide insight to medical professionals on a long-debated topic for optimum patient care. Clinical studies were inducted from the last 15 years and filtered based on their relativity to drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), antibiotics and CF.

The Psychological Impact on Parents of Children who Receive an Inconclusive Diagnosis for Cystic Fibrosis following Newborn Screening: A Systematic Mini-Review.

Newborn screening (NBS) has been available for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) over the last decades. Through the implementation of NBS, a new designation emerged, that of CF related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) or cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). As there is uncertainty regarding the clinical progression of these infants to CF, some studies have investigated the psychological impact of CRMS/CFSPID on their parents.

How Different Are the Influences of Mediterranean and Japanese Diets on the Gut Microbiome?

The gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem, mainly composed of bacteria, that performs essential functions for the host. Its composition is determined by many factors; however, diet has emerged as a key regulator. Both the Mediterranean (MD) and Japanese (JD) diets have been associated with significant health benefits and are therefore considered healthy dietary patterns.

Greater fruit and vegetables consumption, and adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet reduces the risk for asthma in children; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the consumption of fruits, vegetables and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with childhood asthma development and severity. A systematic literature search and synthesis of the results was performed throughout the last two decades. A total of 45 studies were analysed and 392,797 children were included.

Technical Factors That May Influence mHealth Adherence in Children With Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Scoping Review.

Purpose: To synthesize the technical factors influencing adherence to nonpharmacological treatment (NPhT) in children with chronic pulmonary diseases (CPDs), using mobile health (mHealth) technology.

Methods: Five electronic databases were searched from inception to October 12, 2022, with terms related to pediatrics, CPDs, adherence, NPhT, and mHealth. The methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool checklist.

Children with cystic fibrosis are still receiving inconclusive diagnosis despite undergoing newborn screening.

Aim: We aimed to familiarise clinicians with the terms cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) and cystic fibrosis screen positive inconclusive diagnosis (CFSPID). We also sought to highlight the monitoring and outcomes of children that match these designations.

Methods: A literature review was performed by searching PubMed from its inception until 30 November 2022.

The Association between CFTR Gene Mutation Heterozygosity and Asthma Development: A Systematic Review.

Asthma is caused by complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Various genes have been implicated as potential risk factors in the development of asthma; among them is cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association of CFTR mutation heterozygosity with the development of asthma, by updating the existing data with recent studies' findings.

Efficacy and Safety of Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor in the Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review.

Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) is a new CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) modulator treatment, used over the last few years, which has shown an improvement in different clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of this study was a systematic research of the literature on the efficacy and safety of this CFTR modulator on patients with CF. A search of Pubmed was conducted for randomized clinical trials and observational studies published from 2012 to September 2022.

Quality standards for managing children and adolescents with bronchiectasis: an international consensus.

The global burden of bronchiectasis in children and adolescents is being recognised increasingly. However, marked inequity exists between, and within, settings and countries for resources and standards of care afforded to children and adolescents with bronchiectasis compared with those with other chronic lung diseases. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) clinical practice guideline for the management of bronchiectasis in children and adolescents was published recently.

COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a European multicentre study.

https://bit.ly/3M0wKnZ.

Clinical Course of Children with Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease or Bronchiectasis Infected with .

Children with chronic wet cough and without cystic fibrosis (non-CF) may suffer from chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis. (Pa) can be one of the offending microbes in these children. The present study aimed to describe the clinical course of children with the above two conditions who were infected with Pa.

The Differences Between RSV and no RSV Acute Bronchiolitis in Hospitalized Infants: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To identify the differences between the RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis in hospitalized infants in a Greek tertiary pediatric unit and the possible risk factors related to severe forms of the illness. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional data analysis by reviewing medical records of patients that were hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis from 2012 to 2019. The patients with RSV bronchiolitis were found to require antibiotic treatment, IV fluids, adrenaline, and hypertonic saline inhalations more frequently than the non-RSV patients.

Physicians' ability to recognize adventitious lung sounds.

Background: Lung auscultation is an important tool for diagnosing respiratory diseases. However, the ability of observers to recognize respiratory sounds varies considerably and depends on the sound. The present study aimed to assess the auscultatory skills of healthcare professionals and medical students.

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cow's Milk Allergy: A Clinical Approach.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most prevalent food allergy (FA) in infancy and early childhood and can be present with various clinical phenotypes. The significant increase in FA rates recorded in recent decades has been associated with environmental and lifestyle changes that limit microbial exposure in early life and induce changes in gut microbiome composition. Gut microbiome is a diverse community of microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and perform beneficial functions for the host.