Quantifying changes in incisor inclination before and after orthodontic treatment in class I, II, and III malocclusions.

Background: This study was designed to determine if orthodontic treatment significantly changes the upper incisor position in Class I, II, and III dental and skeletal malocclusions.

Methods: Ninety nonextraction-treated patients were included in this retrospective cohort study and divided into three groups: Class I, Class II, and Class III. All cephalometric measurements (ANB, Wits, U1-PP, U1-SN, U1-NA, U1 perpendicular to FH and U1-L1) were taken using the Dolphin Management and Imaging Software, Version 05.