Ηand dexterities assessment in stroke patients based on augmented reality and machine learning through a box and block test.

A popular and widely suggested measure for assessing unilateral hand motor skills in stroke patients is the box and block test (BBT). Our study aimed to create an augmented reality enhanced version of the BBT (AR-BBT) and evaluate its correlation to the original BBT for stroke patients. Following G-power analysis, clinical examination, and inclusion-exclusion criteria, 31 stroke patients were included in this study.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Anti-Neuronal Autoantibodies in COVID-19-Associated Limbic Encephalitis with Acute Cerebellar Ataxia and Myoclonus Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review.

Since the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) in 2019, various rare movement disorders and cognitive changes have been recognized as potential neurological complications. The early treatment of some of these allows rapid recovery; therefore, we must diagnose these manifestations in a timely way. We describe the case of a 76-year-old man infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 who presented with confusion and hallucinations and was admitted to our hospital 14 days after the onset of symptoms.

Asclepion of Epidaurus: the application of a historical perspective in medical education.

Background: The Asclepion of Epidaurus is one of the first healing environments in the world. Descendants of Asclepius, specifically medical students, have been singularly deprived of any information concerning this legacy. This article illuminates the role of Asclepion of Epidaurus and examines the view of medical students upon the subject and the possible benefits of this knowledge in their medical education.

Assessment of Resilience of the Hellenic Navy Seals by Electrodermal Activity during Cognitive Tasks.

Stress resilience plays a key role in task performance during emergencies, especially in occupations like military special forces, with a routine consisting of unexpected events. Nevertheless, reliable and applicable measurements of resilience in predicting task performance in stressful conditions are still researched. This study aimed to explore the stress response in the Hellenic Navy SEALs (HN-SEALs), using a cognitive-physiological approach.

Cognitive and Psychological Impacts of Different Treatment Options for Prostate Cancer: A Critical Analysis.

Objectives: Psychological morbidity as well as cognitive impairment are increasingly reported in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. However, despite growing numbers of PCa survivors and the well estimated negative impact of cognitive decline and emotional distress on survivors' quality of life, no study has assessed the whole range of cognitive and psychological sequelae as a response to treatment options for PCa. The objective of the present review was to systematically characterize the types and estimate the prevalence of the cognitive impairment and emotional burdens that were found in PCa survivors secondary to different treatment options.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on people with mild cognitive impairment/dementia and on their caregivers.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first detected in Mainland China in December 2019, and soon it spread throughout the world, with multiple physical and psychological consequences across the affected populations.

Aims: The aim of the current study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia and their caregivers as well.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and four caregivers took part in the study, completing a self-reported questionnaire about the person with MCI/dementia and their own, since the lockdown period which started in February and ended in May of 2020 in Greece.

Neurological and neurourological complications of electrical injuries.

Electrical injury can affect any system and organ. Central nervous system (CNS) complications are especially well recognised, causing an increased risk of morbidity, while peripheral nervous system (PNS) complications, neurourological and cognitive and psychological abnormalities are less predictable after electrical injuries. PubMed was searched for English language clinical observational, retrospective, review and case studies published in the last 30 years using the key words: electrical injury, electrocution, complications, sequelae, neurological, cognitive, psychological, urological, neuropsychological, neurourological, neurogenic, and bladder.

Bilateral subcutaneous pyelovesical bypass in a Hautmann neobladder followed by a mononeuropathy multiplex and an underlying polyarteritis nodosa diagnosis.

Subcutaneous pyelovesical bypasses are the best choice for the long-term palliative treatment of ureteral obstructions. In rare cases this obstruction is due to polyarteritis nodosa. We present the only reported patient with a bilateral Detour bypass in a Hautmann's neobladder.

A surgical approach to squamous cell carcinoma of penis that also resolved the psychological dysfunction of the patient.

In this case study, we present an unusual case with squamous cell carcinoma surrounding the penis involving foreskin and glans of penis. In addition, multiple satellite nodules were noted in the pubis. A 57-year-old circumcised heterosexual male patient presented with a penile lesion existing for 10 years.

Efficacy of Low-Dose Aripiprazole for Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in a Patient with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Objectives: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders and children suffering from this syndrome have been found to have a substantially greater risk for the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychiatric medications such as antipsychotics are commonly used in individuals with 22q11.

Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update.

Disease-modifying treatment strategies for Alzheimer disease (AD) are still under extensive research. Nowadays, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance: 3 cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. To block the progression of the disease, therapeutic agents are supposed to interfere with the pathogenic steps responsible for the clinical symptoms, classically including the deposition of extracellular amyloid β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangle formation.

Reasons for Failed Trials of Disease-Modifying Treatments for Alzheimer Disease and Their Contribution in Recent Research.

Despite all scientific efforts and many protracted and expensive clinical trials, no new drug has been approved by FDA for treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) since 2003. Indeed, more than 200 investigational programs have failed or have been abandoned in the last decade. The most probable explanations for failures of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) for AD may include late initiation of treatments during the course of AD development, inappropriate drug dosages, erroneous selection of treatment targets, and mainly an inadequate understanding of the complex pathophysiology of AD, which may necessitate combination treatments rather than monotherapy.

Donepezil Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease in Chronic Dialysis Patients.

Donepezil is one of the cholinesterase inhibitors that are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pharmacokinetic analysis has shown that donepezil is primarily eliminated by renal excretion rather than biliary excretion in humans. Therefore, patients with impaired renal function are at high risk of toxicity caused by accumulation of this drug.

Defining Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale differences across frontotemporal dementia syndromes.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) scale profiles to differentiate between distinct frontotemporal dementia (FTD) subtypes.

Methods: The NPI was used to assess 311 older patients who had been clinically diagnosed with FTD. FTD subtypes included behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD, n = 121), primary progressive aphasia (semantic variant (n = 69), non-fluent agrammatic variant (n = 31), and logopenic variant (n = 0)), FTD-motor neuron disease (n = 4), progressive supranuclear palsy (n = 43), and corticobasal syndrome (n = 43).

Neutropenia with fatal outcome in a multiple sclerosis patient 23 days after alemtuzumab infusion.

A 47-year-old Caucasian female with relapsing- remitting Multiple Sclerosis, received alemtuzumab after a serious relapse. She had ceased receiving any treatment during the previous year. 23 days after alemtuzumab infusion she developed severe early neutropenia, which resulted in septic shock by Staphylococcus aureus and death.

Cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis after rituximab treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma.

The efficacy and safety of rituximab against B-cell lymphomas is well established. However, there has been an increased incidence of infectious complications after rituximab treatment, mostly hepatitis B reactivation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This is the case of a 67-year-old patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma, who developed cytomegalovirus meningoencephalitis after receiving high-dose chemotherapy and rituximab.

Current and future treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is increasingly being recognized as one of the most important medical and social problems in older people in industrialized and non-industrialized nations. To date, only symptomatic treatments exist for this disease, all trying to counterbalance the neurotransmitter disturbance. Three cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs) are currently available and have been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate AD.

Prevalence of dementia in elderly patients with hip fracture.

Hip fractures occur commonly and are a cause of disability for older adults and lead to increased dependence and requirements for social support. Dementia is one of the possible risk factors for falling and hip fracture, a potential source for complications during surgery and during the postoperative period, difficulties in rehabilitation and a risk factor for hip fracture reccurence. However, in previous studies of hip fracture patients, cognitive status has not been formally assessed during the inpatient stay and diagnosis was based only on previous history.

Prevalence of Parkinsonism in older patients with hip fracture.

Parkinsonism in hip fracture (HF) patients is a potential source for complications during surgery, postoperative period and rehabilitation and a risk factor of second HF. We investigated whether parkinsonism was more prevalent in older subjects with HF than in other older patient groups undergoing surgery. We prospectively assessed patients who had suffered HF and controls.

Symptoms of acute posttraumatic stress disorder in prostate cancer patients following radical prostatectomy.

Psychological morbidity is increasingly reported in cancer survivors. The authors' objective was to determine the presence of acute posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in prostate cancer (PC) patients following radical prostatectomy. Fifteen patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer were assessed for the presence of PTSD-related symptoms by completing the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS), a month following the procedure.

Focal dystonia, tremor and myokymic discharges secondary to electrical injury.

We describe the case of a male patient who developed electromyographically confirmed myokymia, dystonia and tremor and clinically confirmed focal dystonia and tremor, secondary to electrical injury. Dystonia is a rare complication of electrical injury. Myokymic discharges secondary to electrical injury are previously unreported.