Tandem transformation of glycerol to esters.

Tandem transformation of glycerol via microbial fermentation and enzymatic esterification is presented. The reaction can be performed with purified waste glycerol from biodiesel production in a continuous mode, combining continuous fermentation with membrane-supported enzymatic esterification. Continuous anaerobic fermentation was optimized resulting in the productivity of 2.

Synthesis and structural characterization of Se-modified carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction.

This work is part of a continued research aimed at the understanding of the promoting role of Se in the enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of Ru in the oxygen reduction reaction. The objective of this paper is to systematically investigate the transformation of Ru nanoparticles upon their modification with the increasing amounts of Se. The Se-modified Ru/C samples with Se:Ru ratio from 0 to 1 were prepared by reacting carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles with SeO2 followed by reductive annealing and characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure.