A Developed Robust Model and Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Predict Drilling Fluid Density and Equivalent Circulation Density in Real Time.

When drilling deep wells, it is important to regulate the formation pressure and prevent kicks. This is achieved by controlling the equivalent circulation density (ECD), which becomes crucial in high-pressure and high-temperature wells. ECD is particularly important in formations where the pore pressure and fracture pressure are close to each other (narrow windows).

Carbon Dioxide Applications for Enhanced Oil Recovery Assisted by Nanoparticles: Recent Developments.

Carbon dioxide (CO) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has received significant attention due to its potential to increase ultimate recovery from mature conventional oil reserves. CO-enhanced oil recovery (CO-EOR) helps to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering CO in subterranean geological formations. CO-EOR has been exploited commercially over recent decades to improve recovery from light and medium gravity oil reservoirs in their later stages of development.