Prevalence of MDR organism (MDRO) carriage in children and their household members in Siem Reap Province, Cambodia.

Background: The rising incidence of infections caused by MDR organisms (MDROs) poses a significant public health threat. However, little has been reported regarding community MDRO carriage in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Siem Reap, Cambodia comparing hospital-associated households, in which an index child (age: 2-14 years) had been hospitalized for at least 48 h in the preceding 2-4 weeks, with matched community households on the same street, in which no other child had a recent history of hospitalization.

Epidemiology of acute respiratory viral infections in children in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic.

Respiratory infections are one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultations in children. In low resource settings such as in Lao People's Democratic Republic, knowledge gaps and the dearth of laboratory capacity to support differential diagnosis may contribute to antibiotic overuse. We studied the etiology, temporal trends, and genetic diversity of viral respiratory infections in children to provide evidence for prevention and treatment guidelines.

Detection of colonisation by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase or carbapenemase producing Enterobacterales from frozen stool specimens.

Objective: To determine the impact of pre-culture ultra-low temperature (ULT, - 80 °C) storage of human stool specimens on recovery of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) or Carbapenemase (CPM) producing Enterobacterales.

Results: Twenty stool specimens from a community-based household colonisation study in Cambodia were cultured fresh and after 4-5 days and ~ 6 months of ULT storage (as a slurry in tryptone soya broth-10% glycerol). Presumptive ESBL- and CPM-Escherichia coli isolates were detected in 19/20 (95%) and 1/20 (5%) freshly cultured specimens, respectively.

Effect of community active case-finding strategies for detection of tuberculosis in Cambodia: study protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cambodia has made notable progress in the fight against tuberculosis (TB). However, these gains are impeded by a significant proportion of undiagnosed cases. To effectively reach people with TB, active case-finding (ACF) strategies have been adopted by countries affected by the epidemic, including Cambodia, alongside passive case finding (PCF).

Patients' and healthcare providers' perspectives of diabetes management in Cambodia: a qualitative study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the challenges encountered by patients and healthcare providers and opportunities for improvement in managing diabetes mellitus (DM) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) facing a rise in DM prevalence.

Design: Qualitative cross-sectional study.

Setting: Urban, semiurban, and rural areas in Cambodia.

Posttranslational proteolytic processing of Leda-1/Pianp involves cleavage by MMPs, ADAM10/17 and gamma-secretase.

Leda-1/Pianp is a type I transmembrane protein expressed by CNS cells, murine melanoma cell line B16F10 and rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. The early steps of posttranslational modifications of Leda-1/Pianp have been described to include glycosylation and processing by proprotein convertases. Here, we comprehensively characterized the subsequent steps of proteolytic processing of Leda-1/Pianp.

Leda-1/Pianp is targeted to the basolateral plasma membrane by a distinct intracellular juxtamembrane region and modulates barrier properties and E-Cadherin processing.

Leda-1/Pianp is a type-I transmembrane protein which is sorted to the basolateral membrane domain of polarized epithelial cells. Here, we investigated trafficking mechanisms and functions of Leda-1/Pianp in MDCK and MCF-7 cells. Basolateral sorting and posttranslational modifications depended on the intracellular juxtamembrane region.

Counter-regulation of the ligand-receptor pair Leda-1/Pianp and Pilrα during the LPS-mediated immune response of murine macrophages.

Liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein-1 (Leda-1/Pianp) is a type-I-transmembrane protein that is able to bind and activate immune inhibitory receptor Pilrα. Here we show that Leda-1/Pianp is strain-specifically expressed in lymphoid organs and macrophages of Th2-prone BALB/c mice but not of Th1-prone C57BL/6J mice. LPS stimulation of BALB/c bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and macrophage-like Raw 264.

Endothelial transdifferentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma: loss of Stabilin-2 expression in peri-tumourous liver correlates with increased survival.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumour that is characterized by extensive vascular remodelling and responsiveness to treatment with the anti-angiogenic multikinase inhibitor sorafenib. The aim was to study endothelial remodelling in HCC.

Methods: The murine inducible albumin-SV40-large T-antigen model and two tissue microarrays (TMA) with 295 tumourous and 83 peri-tumourous samples of 296 patients with HCC were analysed for expression of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC)-specific marker proteins, stabilin-1 and stabilin-2, LYVE-1 and CD32b.

Proteolytic cleavage of LEDA-1/PIANP by furin-like proprotein convertases precedes its plasma membrane localization.

Liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein-1 (LEDA-1/PIANP) is a type-I-transmembrane protein first identified by us as a putative junctional protein in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Others have shown that LEDA-1/PIANP binds and activates immune inhibitory receptor PILRα in trans, a process that requires sialidation of LEDA-1/PIANP. Here we show that LEDA-1/PIANP is subject to O-glycosylation and sialidation as demonstrated in brain tissue as well as in LEDA-1 expressing cell lines by using anti-LEDA-1/PIANP C-terminal antibodies.

Unique cell type-specific junctional complexes in vascular endothelium of human and rat liver sinusoids.

Liver sinusoidal endothelium is strategically positioned to control access of fluids, macromolecules and cells to the liver parenchyma and to serve clearance functions upstream of the hepatocytes. While clearance of macromolecular debris from the peripheral blood is performed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) using a delicate endocytic receptor system featuring stabilin-1 and -2, the mannose receptor and CD32b, vascular permeability and cell trafficking are controlled by transcellular pores, i.e.

Liver sinusoidal endothelium: a microenvironment-dependent differentiation program in rat including the novel junctional protein liver endothelial differentiation-associated protein-1.

Unlabelled: Liver sinusoidal endothelium (LSEC) is a prime example of organ-specific microvascular differentiation and functions. Disease-associated capillarization of LSEC in vivo and dedifferentiation of LSEC in vitro indicate the importance of the hepatic microenvironment. To identify the LSEC-specific molecular differentiation program in the rat we used a two-sided gene expression profiling approach comparing LSEC freshly isolated ex vivo with both lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMEC) and with LSEC cultured for 42 hours.