Video Game Skills across Diverse Genres and Cognitive Functioning in Early Adulthood: Verbal and Visuospatial Short-Term and Working Memory, Hand-Eye Coordination, and Empathy.

The cognitive and affective impacts of video games are subjects of ongoing debate, with recent research recognizing their potential benefits. This study employs the Gaming Skill Questionnaire (GSQ) to evaluate participants' gaming skills across six genres and overall proficiency. A total of 88 individuals aged 20-40 participated, completing assessments of empathy and six cognitive abilities: verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, visuospatial short-term memory, visuospatial working memory, psychomotor speed (hand-eye coordination), and attention.

Can Loupe magnification be a viable alternative to Operative Microscope magnification for vascular anastomosis in reconstructive surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of vascular anastomosis using loupes magnification versus operative microscope magnification in reconstructive surgery.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane Library database according to the PRISMA guidelines. Comparative studies between the two techniques and single arm studies reporting on loupes reconstruction were included.

Fear Conditioning by Proxy: The Role of High Affinity Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

Observational fear-learning studies in genetically modified animals enable the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the social transmission of fear-related information. Here, we used a three-day protocol to examine fear conditioning by proxy (FCbP) in wild-type mice (C57BL/6J) and mice lacking the β2-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Male animals of both genotypes were exposed to a previously fear-conditioned (FC) cage mate during the presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS, tone).

Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate by Genetically Modified sp. phDV1: A Comparative Study of Utilizing Wine Industry Waste as a Carbon Source.

sp. phDV1 is a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) producer. The presence of the endogenous PHA depolymerase (phaZ) responsible for the degradation of the intracellular PHA is one of the main shortages in the bacterial production of PHA.

Cytological diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Apropos 2 cases.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) comprises a wide spectrum of clinical presentations in children and adults, ranging from favorable lesions to aggressive disseminated disease. We present 2 cases where cytology introduced the diagnosis of LCH in the appropriate clinicoradioliogical settings. Cytology can serve accurately in LCH interpretation based on the characteristic cytomorphology and selected immunocytochemistry, so unwarranted biopsy can be overruled and treatment can be adjusted largely where histopathology services are unavailable.

Cytological diagnosis of unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the temporomandibular joint.

Unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) presents as a solitary focal bone lesion characterized by clonal proliferation of CD1a (+) and langerin(+) dendritic cells, derived from the bone marrow. In 38-69% of cases BRAF-V600E mutation is revealed. It gains attention to maxillofacial surgeons due to involvement of the orofacial region and early onset of jaws symptoms.

Genetic Inactivation of Cholinergic C Bouton Output Improves Motor Performance but not Survival in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects upper and lower motor neurons and leads to death a few years after symptom onset. Despite its high morbidity and mortality, its underlying pathogenic mechanisms still remain poorly understood. Although there is increasing evidence for significant changes in the structure and function of synapses on motor neurons, there is a need for a systematic investigation of the role of each synapse subtype in the course of the disease.

The origins of oral medicine in the Hippocratic collected works.

The collected works of Hippocrates describe for the first time in a systematic way a large number of oral diseases, such as ulcers, inflammations, abscesses and tumours from the epiglottis, mouth, tongue, palate, uvula and the sublingual area. Several of these case reports are remarkable for the accurate observation of clinical symptoms and signs, the aetiology, the pathogenesis and their therapeutic approach in relation to prognosis. The Hippocratic authors report cases of aphthae as part of a polysystemic disease, described many centuries later by Behçet and Adamantiades, while they associate features of splenomegaly from endemic malaria with gingivitis (ulitis).

Sex differences in endogenous cortical network activity: spontaneously recurring Up/Down states.

Background: Several molecular and cellular processes in the vertebrate brain exhibit differences between males and females, leading to sexual dimorphism in the formation of neural circuits and brain organization. While studies on large-scale brain networks provide ample evidence for both structural and functional sex differences, smaller-scale local networks have remained largely unexplored. In the current study, we investigate sexual dimorphism in cortical dynamics by means of spontaneous Up/Down states, a type of network activity that is exhibited during slow-wave sleep, quiet wakefulness, and anesthesia and is thought to represent the default activity of the cortex.

Early Signs of Pathological Cognitive Aging in Mice Lacking High-Affinity Nicotinic Receptors.

In order to address pathological cognitive decline effectively, it is critical to adopt early preventive measures in individuals considered at risk. It is therefore essential to develop approaches that identify such individuals before the onset of irreversible dementia. A deficient cholinergic system has been consistently implicated as one of the main factors associated with a heightened vulnerability to the aging process.

Premature Aging Phenotype in Mice Lacking High-Affinity Nicotinic Receptors: Region-Specific Changes in Layer V Pyramidal Cell Morphology.

The mechanisms by which aging leads to alterations in brain structure and cognitive deficits are unclear. Α deficient cholinergic system has been implicated as one of the main factors that could confer a heightened vulnerability to the aging process, and mice lacking high-affinity nicotinic receptors (β2(-/-)) have been proposed as an animal model of accelerated cognitive aging. To date, however, age-related changes in neuronal microanatomy have not been studied in these mice.

Cranial trauma in ancient Greece: from Homer to classical authors.

This article presents literary evidence on traumatic cranio-cerebral injuries in ancient Greece from about 900 B.C. to 100 B.

Injuries to the head and neck in Homer's Iliad.

We have found and reported on all injuries to the head and neck described in Homer's Iliad, and give several particularly graphic examples.

Post-traumatic and postoperative peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve.

Forty-five patients with postoperative or post-traumatic paresis of the facial nerve were studied and it was found that in only 2.6% of the postoperative cases was there some temporary facial nerve palsy, while in 11% of the cases with facial lacerations the paralysis was permanent. The preauricular area was the most hazardous, while in the submental area no paresis was recorded.

Phleboliths. A report of three unusual cases.

Phleboliths are well established pathological entities that are often associated with vascular lesions. Three cases are reported in which no vascular malformation was detected.

[Work-related injuries in the maxillofacial region].

A retrospective study covering a period of 3.5 years was undertaken to determine the incidence of work-related injuries in the maxillofacial region. A group of 2,383 patients treated at our institution with maxillofacial trauma of various causes was evaluated.