Classification and management of tracheoesophageal and tracheopharyngeal fistulas after laryngectomy.

Objectives: Tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) and tracheopharyngeal fistulas (TPF) are intentionally created for prosthetic or surgical voice restoration after laryngectomy or can develop after radiotherapy or surgical interventions. If the fistula does not shrink or close spontaneously or does not respond to conservative measures, surgical closure of the fistula is indicated.

Study Design: Retrospective study of 177 patients.