Specific of accumulation of manganese in organs and tissues of Hereford cattle.

The elemental status of cattle is one of the important factors, which determine its growth, fertility, fetal development, meat and dairy production, etc. Therefore, the study of content of different elements in cattle organs and tissues and its correlation with cattle characteristics and diet is urgent task. It is also important to develop intravital and low-invasive methods to analyze element content in cattle to regulate its diet during lifetime.

Sustainable Fertilizers: Publication Landscape on Wastes as Nutrient Sources, Wastewater Treatment Processes for Nutrient Recovery, Biorefineries, and Green Ammonia Synthesis.

The ability of modern agriculture to meet future food demand imposed by accelerating growth of the world's population is a major challenge, and fertilizers play a key role by replacing nutrients in agricultural soil. Given the need for fertilizers, their cost in nonrenewable resources and energy, and the consequences of the greenhouse gas emissions required to make them, people have begun to explore ways to make fertilizer manufacturing and use more sustainable. Using data from the CAS Content Collection, this review examines and analyzes the academic and patent literature on sustainable fertilizers from 2001 to 2021.

Materials Research Directions Toward a Green Hydrogen Economy: A Review.

A constellation of technologies has been researched with an eye toward enabling a hydrogen economy. Within the research fields of hydrogen production, storage, and utilization in fuel cells, various classes of materials have been developed that target higher efficiencies and utility. This Review examines recent progress in these research fields from the years 2011-2021, exploring the most commonly occurring concepts and the materials directions important to each field.

[The method for prediction of high-grade premature ventricular contractions in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction].

Aim To develop a method for prediction of high-grade ventricular extrasystole (VE) in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHF-PEF) based on results of an echocardiography (EchoCG) study.Material and methods At the first step, the study included 121 patients of the Cardiology Department, Municipal Clinical Hospital #31, St. Petersburg (calculation group) with symptoms and clinical signs of CHF-PEF (median age, 62 years).

Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogens in lipid loaded human macrophages.

Background: Plasmalogens are either phosphatidylcholine (PC P) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE P) glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl ether moiety in sn-1-position and an esterified fatty acid in sn-2 position. Multiple functions have been proposed, including reservoir of precursors for inflammatory mediators, modulation of membrane fluidity, and anti-oxidative properties. They could therefore play a role under conditions of metabolic stress.

Transcriptomic profiling of platelet senescence and platelet extracellular vesicles.

Background: Platelets (PLTs) are derived from megakaryocytes during PLT shedding. Senescent or activated PLTs are expanded in vascular and neurological diseases and release PLT extracellular vesicles (PL-EVs). A systematic analysis of regular messenger RNA (mRNA) and small RNA composition in PLTs and PL-EVs during in vitro PLT senescence has not yet been published.

Mildly oxidized HDL decrease agonist-induced platelet aggregation and release of pro-coagulant platelet extracellular vesicles.

Stored platelet concentrates (PLCs) for therapeutic purpose, develop a platelet storage lesion (PSL), characterized by impaired platelet (PLT) viability and function, platelet extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release and profound lipidomic changes. Whereas oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) activates PLTs and promotes atherosclerosis, effects linked to oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) are poorly characterized. PLCs from blood donors were treated with native (nHDL) or mildly oxidized HDL (moxHDL) for 5days under blood banking conditions.

Solid- and solution-phase synthesis and application of R6G dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes.

A novel N-TFA-protected carboxyrhodamine 6G (R6G) phosphoramidite was synthesized for use in an automated DNA synthesis to prepare 5'-labeled oligonucleotides. Deprotection and purification conditions were optimized for 5'-labeled and dual-labeled oligonucleotide probes. As an alternative we synthesized an azide derivative of R6G for CuAAC post-synthetic oligonucleotide labeling.

[Evaluation of the efficiency of diagnostic regimens for enterohemorrhagic escherichiasis. Etiological verification of hemolytic uremic syndrome in the Russian Federation].

Aim: To evaluate the practical efficiency of the diagnostic algorithms for enterohemorrhagic escherichiasis, which are laid down by the current normative documents of the Russian Federation.

Subjects And Methods: The investigators estimated the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) infection in children with the symptoms of acute enteric infections (AEI) (archival samples) and in those aged less than 5 years with fatal evolution and a history of diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), evaluated the efficiency of bacteriological tests in HUS patients with acute EHEC infection, and comparatively analyzed the documents regulating EHEC surveillance in the Russian Federation and other countries.

Results: Nucleic acid amplification assay showed that the prevalence of EHEC among the hospitalized children was 1.

Lipidomic and proteomic characterization of platelet extracellular vesicle subfractions from senescent platelets.

Background: Platelets (PLTs) in stored PLT concentrates (PLCs) release PLT extracellular vesicles (PL-EVs) induced by senescence and activation, resembling the PLT storage lesion. No comprehensive classification or molecular characterization of senescence-induced PL-EVs exists to understand PL-EV heterogeneity.

Study Design And Methods: PL-EVs from 5-day-stored PLCs from healthy individuals were isolated and subfractionated by differential centrifugation, filtration, and density gradient ultracentrifugation into five PLT microvesicle (PL-MV) subfractions (Fraction [F]1-F5) and PLT exosomes (PL-EXs).

Influence of fenofibrate treatment on triacylglycerides, diacylglycerides and fatty acids in fructose fed rats.

Fenofibrate (FF) lowers plasma triglycerides via PPARα activation. Here, we analyzed lipidomic changes upon FF treatment of fructose fed rats. Three groups with 6 animals each were defined as control, fructose-fed and fructose-fed/FF treated.

High-density lipoprotein 3 and apolipoprotein A-I alleviate platelet storage lesion and release of platelet extracellular vesicles.

Background: Stored platelet (PLT) concentrates (PLCs) for transfusion develop a PLT storage lesion (PSL), decreasing PLT viability and function with profound lipidomic changes and PLT extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release. High-density lipoprotein 3 (HDL3 ) improves PLT homeostasis through silencing effects on PLT activation in vivo. This prompted us to investigate HDL3 and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) as PSL-antagonizing agents.

Monocyte to macrophage differentiation goes along with modulation of the plasmalogen pattern through transcriptional regulation.

Background: Dysregulation of monocyte-macrophage differentiation is a hallmark of vascular and metabolic diseases and associated with persistent low grade inflammation. Plasmalogens represent ether lipids that play a role in diabesity and previous data show diminished plasmalogen levels in obese subjects. We therefore analyzed transcriptomic and lipidomic changes during monocyte-macrophage differentiation in vitro using a bioinformatic approach.

[Characteristics of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O145:H28 isolated from a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

Aim: Determine etiologic significance of clinical strains of E. coli O145:H28 isolated from feces of a patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).

Materials And Methods: 20 E.

[Astroviral infection in Russian Federation].

The astroviral infections are considered among the most common pathogens of gastroenteritis in children. The incidence, molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of the astrovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis, in various areas of the Russian Federation from 2004 to 2010 was determined.

[Serotonin levels and short chain fatty acids in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome].

In 72 patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) the psychological condition and electric activity of brain, serotonin level in plasma, short chain fatty acids (SFA) levels in stool were studied. In patients with IBS in aggravation of disease violations of central nerve system was observed. The increasing of reactive and personal anxious, violations in electroencephalograms and increasing serotonin level with modification of SFA levels were observed.

Identification of key mechanisms controlling gene expression in Leishmania infected macrophages using genome-wide promoter analysis.

The present study describes the in silico prediction of the regulatory network of Leishmania infected human macrophages. The construction of the gene regulatory network requires the identification of Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBSs) in the regulatory regions (promoters, enhancers) of genes that are regulated upon Leishmania infection. The promoters of human, mouse, rat, dog and chimpanzee genes were first identified in the whole genomes using available experimental data on full length cDNA sequences or deep CAGE tag data (DBTSS, FANTOM3, FANTOM4), mRNA models (ENSEMBL), or using hand annotated data (EPD, TRANSFAC).

CIDNP and EPR study of phototransformation of lappaconitine derivatives in solution.

Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques have been used to study the paramagnetic species formed during the photolysis of the alkaloid lappaconitine and its synthetic analogues in solution. Lappaconitine is a photosensitive antiarrhythmic and hypertension drug, whose major photoproduct (N-acetyl anthranilic acid) is also a potent photosensitizer. Both these compounds are lipophilic and might bind efficiently to cell membranes thereby causing phototoxic damage.

Enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles by water-soluble complexes of carotenoids.

Photoirradiation of TiO(2) nanoparticles by visible light in the presence of the water-soluble natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan complexes of the hydrocarbon carotenoid β-carotene leads to enhanced yield of the reactive hydroxyl (OH) radicals. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-trapping technique using α-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) as the spin-trap has been applied to detect this intermediate by trapping the methyl and methoxy radicals generated upon reaction of the hydroxyl radical with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The free radicals formed in this system proceed via oxygen reduction and not via the reaction of holes on the TiO(2) surface.

Measuring Ti(III)-carotenoid radical interspin distances in TiMCM-41 by pulsed EPR relaxation enhancement method.

Interspin distances between the Ti(3+) ions and the carotenoid radicals produced inside TiMCM-41 pores by photoinduced electron transfer from 7'-apo-7'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-beta-carotene (coordinated to Ti(3+)), canthaxanthin (formed as a random distribution of isomers), and beta-ionone (model for a short-chain polyene) to Ti(3+) framework sites were determined using the pulsed EPR relaxation enhancement method. To estimate the electron transfer distances, the temperature dependence of relaxation rates was analyzed in both siliceous and metal-substituted siliceous materials. The phase memory times, T(M), of the carotenoid radicals were determined from the best fits of two-pulse ESEEM curves.

Mass spectrometric and spectroscopic studies of the nutritional supplement chromium(III) nicotinate.

Despite chromium nicotinate's popular use as a chromium nutritional supplement, the structure and composition of chromium nicotinate have only been poorly described. As solid chromium nicotinate is intractable, being insoluble or unstable in common solvents, studies on the solid have been limited, and studies of the solution from which the "compound" precipitates have additionally provided little additional data. The results of mass spectrometric and spectroscopic investigations designed to further elucidate the structure and composition of chromium nicotinate are described.

Water soluble complexes of carotenoids with arabinogalactan.

We present the first example of water soluble complexes of carotenoids. The stability and reactivity of carotenoids in the complexes with natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan were investigated by different physicochemical techniques: optical absorption, HPLC, and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. Compared to pure carotenoids, polysaccharide complexes of carotenoids showed enhanced photostability by a factor of 10 in water solutions.

Pulsed electron nuclear double resonance studies of carotenoid oxidation in Cu(II)-substituted MCM-41 molecular sieves.

Carotenoid (Car) radical intermediates formed upon catalytic or photooxidation of lutein (I), 7'-apo-7',7'-dicyano-beta-carotene (II), and lycopene (III) inside Cu(II)-MCM-41 molecular sieves were studied by pulsed electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopies. The Davies and Mims ENDOR spectra (15-20 K) were simulated using the hyperfine coupling constants predicted by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT calculations revealed that upon chemical oxidation, carotenoid radical cations (Car*+) are formed, whereas carotenoid neutral radicals (#Car*) are produced by proton loss (indicated by #) from the radical cation.

Pulsed EPR and DFT characterization of radicals produced by photo-oxidation of zeaxanthin and violaxanthin on silica-alumina.

Pulsed electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and two-dimensional (2D)-hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE) studies in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that photo-oxidation of natural zeaxanthin (ex Lycium halimifolium) and violaxanthin (ex Viola tricolor) on silica-alumina produces the carotenoid radical cations (Car*+) and also the neutral carotenoid radicals (#Car*) as a result of proton loss (indicated by #) from the C4(4') methylene position or one of the methyl groups at position C5(5'), C9(9'), or C13(13'), except for violaxanthin where the epoxide at positions C5(5')-C6(6') raises the energy barrier for proton loss, and the neutral radicals #Car*(4) and #Car*(5) are not observed. DFT calculations predict the largest isotropic beta-methyl proton hyperfine couplings to be 8 to 10 MHz for Car*+, in agreement with previously reported hyperfine couplings for carotenoid pi-conjugated radicals with unpaired spin density delocalized over the whole molecule. Anisotropic alpha-proton hyperfine coupling tensors determined from the HYSCORE analysis were assigned on the basis of DFT calculations with the B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and found to arise not only from the carotenoid radical cation but also from carotenoid neutral radicals, in agreement with the analysis of the pulsed ENDOR data.

Ligand redox effects in the synthesis, electronic structure, and reactivity of an alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling catalyst.

The ability of the terpyridine ligand to stabilize alkyl complexes of nickel has been central in obtaining a fundamental understanding of the key processes involved in alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions. Here, mechanistic studies using isotopically labeled (TMEDA)NiMe(2) (TMEDA = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine) have shown that an important catalyst in alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions, (tpy')NiMe (2b, tpy' = 4,4',4' '-tri-tert-butylterpyridine), is not produced via a mechanism that involves the formation of methyl radicals. Instead, it is proposed that (terpyridine)NiMe complexes arise via a comproportionation reaction between a Ni(II)-dimethyl species and a Ni(0) fragment in solution upon addition of a terpyridine ligand to (TMEDA)NiMe(2).