[Metabolic state of erythrocytes under gall-stone disease].

Metabolic state of erythrocytes is changed under gall-stone disease. The increase of glucose and glycated hemoglobin contents in erythrocytes is combined with intensification of glycolytic reactions and lowered activity of pentose phosphate pathway. These changes may have compensative importance.

[Haemoglobin system of Black Sea round goby under experimental hypoxia conditions].

Haemoglobin of the Black Sea round goby (Neogobius melanostomus P.) resisting to external hypoxia was studied. Haemoglobin of this species was fractionated into 4 components (2 minor and 2 major ones) by the disk-electrophoresis in polyacrylamid gel.

[Effect of "polyen" on modified serum albumin in athletes under physical load].

It has been shown that during adaptation to muscle loads in organism of sportsmen serum albumin liganding becomes more intensive (particular by POL products), the protein effective concentration reduces and the formation of protein modificated form. After use of biopreparation "Polyen" containing polyunsaturated fatty acids w3, the ligand redistribution is realized, the conformational state of albumin is stabilized.

[Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing food additives on erythrocyte enzyme activities and on hemoglobin affinity to oxygen in highly and low trained volleyball players during physical exertion].

It has been determined that in erythrocytes of high-qualified and low-qualified sportsmen-volleyboll after use of biopreparation "Polien", contained polyunsaturated fatty acids, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway reactions are intensified and glutathione reductase activity are decreased. At the same time the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen in stabilized in organism of sportsmen before and after intensive muscle work. It has been shown, that specific and nonspecific changes of biochemical indexes are realized in organism of sportsmen with different qualification under intensive muscle work.

[Structure-activity features of serum albumin in athletes under physical load].

By circular dichroism the secondary structure of serum albumin has been studied in organism of high-qualified volleyball-sportsmen. It has been determined that changes in percentage correlation of alpha- and beta-structures of sportsmen serum albumin were combined with decrease of protein reserve functional activity and with its intensified liganding by substance of lipid and carbohydrate nature.

[Effect of the biopreparation "Polyene" on parameters of blood fatty acid composition in volleyball athletes].

Influence of the preparation "Polyen" has been studied on indexes of lipid acids contents in blood plasma, erythrocyte membrane and serum albumin of high-qualified volleyball-players. It was shown that "Polyen" has favourable effect on different metabolic pathways of lipid acids, that allow to recommend this preparation as additional component in food ration for training sportsmen.

[The effect of biological food supplements containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on the erythrocyte enzyme activity and on the hemoglobin oxygen affinity in volleyball players exposed to intensive physical loading].

It has been determined that in erythrocytes of professional volley-ball players given biopreparation "Polien" containing polyunsaturated fatty acids glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway reactions are intensified and glutathione reductase activity decreased. At the same time the affinity of haemoglobin to oxygen stabilized in the sportsmen before and after intensive muscle load.

[Lipid composition of blood plasma and erythrocyte membrane of volleyball players under intensive physical load].

As the result of prolonged training activity highly skilled volleyball players have marked deficiency of fatty acids of w3 family both in the blood plasma as erythrocyte membranes. These acids may be used in the lipid peroxidation processes, that is proved by the facts of POL products content and their drawing into oxidation reaction, which is certified by high level of ATP in erythrocytes. Reduction of quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of w3 family may be regarded as results of their insufficient arrival with food.

[The indices of intraerythrocyte metabolism and hemoglobin oxygen affinity in volleyball players under intensive physical loads].

The authors' investigations led them to the conclusion that skilled volleyball players' erythrocytes undergo adaptive metabolic rearrangement. There was also low hemoglobin affinity to oxygen. A single training load provoked the effect of metabolic enhancement as a result of increased red cell concentration of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and high activity of hexokinase.

[Various physico-chemical properties of hemoglobins in representatives of different classes of vertebrates].

The level of hydrophobic property and microviscosity in central and peripheral sections of molecules of main electrophoretic fractions of hemoglobins in representatives of different classes of vertebrates has been studied by means of the methods of fluorescent spectroscopy. It has been found that central sections of hemoglobin molecules are characterized by less pronounced changes in the volume and level of hydrophobic properties and highly pronounced changes in the packing integrity as compared to peripheral sections of the protein globule. Peripheral sections of hemoglobin molecules in the mammals are characterized by higher amount of surface tyrosines and lower level of hydrophobic properties against similar indices in representatives of other classes of vertebrates.

[The species characteristics of the intramolecular structure of hemoglobin in vertebrates].

Using fluorescence spectroscopy species peculiarity of hydrophobic and microviscosity degree in central and peripheral molecular areas of the main electrophoretic haemoglobin fractions in representatives of different vertebrate classes gas been studied. It is established that central areas of haemoglobin molecule are characterised by twice lesser variability of size and hydrophobic degree and 2.4 times greater variability of package strength as compared with peripheral areas of protein globule.

[The comparative characteristics of the physicochemical and structural-functional properties of hemoglobin in a number of vertebrates].

Using isoelectrofocusing within pH gradient 6-8, studies have been made on microheterogeneity of haemoglobins from various vertebrates. Phylogenetic evaluation of oxygen affinity of the main and minor electrophoretically pure haemoglobin fractions is given. It was shown that oxygen affinity of the haemoglobins is related to the ratio between dicarboxylic and basic amino acids.

[Functional properties of blood proteins in highly trained athletes].

The functional properties of serum albumin and hemoglobin were investigated in highly trained athletes. During adaptation to regular strenuous exercise, the metabolic pathway of omega 3 fatty acids intensified and the content of lipid peroxidation products in serum albumin increased. Also, hemoglobin affinity for molecular oxygen decreased and ATP concentration in red blood cells increased.

[Isoelectric heterogeneity and oxygen affinity of chicken hemoglobin, depending on age].

Differences in the isoelectric spectra and in the molecular oxygen affinity to hemoglobin have been shown in 14-, 28- and 49-day hens. A regular decrease in the number of isoelectric components as well as a deterioration of the hemoglobin affinity to oxygen in 49-day hens have been observed.

[Isoelectric heterogeneity of hemoglobin of domestic ducks].

Electrophoresis in PAAG separates hemoglobin of domesticated ducks into 4 fractions: two major (Hb-1 and Hb-2) and two minor (Hb-3 and Hb-4). All electrophoretic fractions of the mentioned hemoglobin being subjected to isoelectrofocusing within the pH gradient of 6.0:8.

[Isoelectric spectra and peptide maps of major electrophoretically homogeneous fractions of duck hemoglobin].

Differences are shown in isoelectrical spectra and peptides sets of two main electrophoretically homogeneous fractions of domesticated duck hemoglobin. The hemoglobin fractions under study are characterized by the same affinity to molecular oxygen.

[Amino acid composition and affinity to oxygen of domestic duck hemoglobins].

The method of disk-electrophoresis in PAAG has shown that hemoglobin of domestic ducks is heterogeneous and consists of four electrophoretically homogeneous fractions: two fractions with high content of protein and two minor fractions. They differ in the content of lysine, histidine, serine, glycine, glutamic acid, tyrosine and phenyl alanine as well as in affinity to molecular oxygen. The minor fractions are characterized by low and high affinity to oxygen and fractions with high content of protein occupy an intermediate position.