Influence of radical prostatectomy on miRNA dynamics in urine extracellular vesicles.

Purpose: Cancer statistics demonstrate leading growth of prostate cancer. As a rule, radical prostatectomy (RP) is a mandatory option in the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). Over 30% of patients develop biochemical resistance after the surgery and over 30% of these patients experience prostate cancer recurrence and metastasis.

Prostate cancer therapy outcome prediction: are miRNAs a suitable guide for therapeutic decisions?

Background: Radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and androgen-deprivation therapy are among the most common treatment options for different forms of prostate cancer (PCa). However, making therapeutic decisions is difficult due to the lack of reliable prediction markers indicating therapy outcomes in clinical practice. The involvement of miRNAs in all mechanisms of the PCa development and their easy detection characterize them as attractive PCa biomarkers.

MicroRNAs as Predictors of Lung-Cancer Resistance and Sensitivity to Cisplatin.

Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy, cisplatin (DDP) specifically, is the main strategy for treating lung cancer (LC). However, currently, there is a lack of predictive drug-resistance markers, and there is increased interest in the development of a reliable and sensitive panels of markers for DDP chemotherapy-effectiveness prediction. MicroRNAs represent a perspective pool of markers for chemotherapy effectiveness.

miRNAs and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is mainly used for the treatment of advanced, metastatic or recurrent prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients progress to ADT resistance and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with a poor prognosis. Reliable validated markers of ADT resistance with proven clinical utility are necessary for timely correction of the therapy as well as for improvement of patient quality of life.

The miRNAs involved in prostate cancer chemotherapy response as chemoresistance and chemosensitivity predictors.

Background: Reliable molecular markers that allow the rational prescription of an effective chemotherapy type for each prostate cancer patient are still needed. Since microRNAs expression is associated with the response to different types of prostate cancer therapy, microRNAs represent a pool of perspective markers of therapy effectiveness comprising chemotherapy.

Objectives: The available data on microRNAs associated with chemotherapy response (resistance and sensitivity) are summarized and analyzed in the article.

Isolation of Cell-Free miRNA from Biological Fluids: Influencing Factors and Methods.

A vast wealth of recent research has seen attempts of using microRNA (miRNA) found in biological fluids in clinical research and medicine. One of the reasons behind this trend is the apparent their high stability of cell-free miRNA conferred by small size and packaging in supramolecular complexes. However, researchers in both basic and clinical settings often face the problem of selecting adequate methods to extract appropriate quality miRNA preparations for use in specific downstream analysis pipelines.

Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Biological Fluids via the Aggregation-Precipitation Approach for Downstream miRNAs Detection.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have high potential as sources of biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostics. Thus, a simple and productive method of EV isolation is demanded for certain scientific and medical applications of EVs. Here we aim to develop a simple and effective method of EV isolation from different biofluids, suitable for both scientific, and clinical analyses of miRNAs transported by EVs.

MiRNAs and radical prostatectomy: Current data, bioinformatic analysis and utility as predictors of tumour relapse.

Background: Studies of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes have particular interest for cancer biology and medicine due to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and markers. These studies are extensively influenced by anticancer therapy, as miRNAs interfere with the therapy's efficacy in prostate cancer (PCa).

Objectives: In this article, we summarise the available data on the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) and biochemical recurrence on miRNA expression.

Concentration of cell-free DNA in different tumor types.

: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) circulates in the blood for a long time. The levels of cfDNA in the blood are assayed in cancer diagnostics because they are closely related to the tumor burden of patients.: cfDNA escapes the action of DNA-hydrolyzing enzymes, being a part of supramolecular complexes or interacting with the plasma membrane of blood cells.

miRNAs and radiotherapy response in prostate cancer.

Background: Gaining insight into microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes that regulate the therapeutic response of cancer diseases in general and prostate cancer (PCa) in particular is an important issue in current molecular biomedicine and allows the discovery of predictive miRNA targets.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the available data on the influence of radiotherapy (RT) on miRNA expression and on miRNA involved in radiotherapy response in PCa.

Materials And Methods: The data used in this review were extracted from research papers and the DIANA, STRING, and other databases with a special focus on the mechanisms of radiotherapy PCa response and the miRNA involved and associated genes.

Total Blood Exosomes in Breast Cancer: Potential Role in Crucial Steps of Tumorigenesis.

Exosomes are crucial players in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in tumorigenesis. There are two fractions of blood circulating exosomes: free and cell-surface-associated. Here, we compared the effect of total blood exosomes (contain plasma exosomes and blood cell-surface-associated exosomes) and plasma exosomes from breast cancer patients (BCPs, = 43) and healthy females (HFs, = 35) on crucial steps of tumor progression.

The Influence of Radical Prostatectomy on the Expression of Cell-Free MiRNA.

MiRNAs of blood and urine have been shown to represent a convenient source of biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and assessment of the therapy effectiveness due to their high stability and representation and the low invasiveness of sample collection. Here, we studied the influence of radical prostatectomy (RP) on the expression of 12 cell-free miRNAs previously shown as potential markers of PCa (i.e.

Adolescent oxytocin treatment affects resident behavior in aggressive but not tame adult rats.

There are indications that exposing adolescent rodents to oxytocin (OT) promotes social activity and reduces anxiety in adulthood. Adult male gray rats selected for elimination and enhancement of the aggressive response to humans, when exposed to OT, showed divergent changes in the resident behavior towards the intruder. It could be assumed that adolescent administration of both OT and antagonist of OT receptor (OTR) would also have different long-term effects on resident behavior and startle reflex in adult aggressive and tame rats.

The Panel of 12 Cell-Free MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Neoplasms.

Prostate cancer is a global biological, medical, and social issue aggravated by the lack of reliable, highly specific, and sensitive non-invasive tests for diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. One prospective source of biomarkers are the cell-free miRNAs present in various biological fluids. In the present study, we validated the diagnostic potential of cell-free miRNAs: miR-19b, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-378, miR-425, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375, and miR-660; we estimated the required sample size and the minimal miRNA set for a subsequent large-scale validation study.

Data analysis algorithm for the development of extracellular miRNA-based diagnostic systems for prostate cancer.

Urine of prostate cancer (PCa) carries miRNAs originated from prostate cancer cells as a part of both nucleoprotein complexes and cell-secreted extracellular vesicles. The analysis of such miRNA-markers in urine can be a convenient option for PCa screening. The aims of this study were to reveal miRNA-markers of PCa in urine and design a robust and precise diagnostic test, based on miRNA expression analysis.

Searching for the Novel Specific Predictors of Prostate Cancer in Urine: The Analysis of 84 miRNA Expression.

The aim of this study was to investigate miRNA profiles of clarified urine supernatant and combined urine vesicle fractions of healthy donors and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (PCa). The comparative analysis of miRNA expression was conducted with a custom miRCURY LNA miRNA qPCR panel. Significant combinations of miRNA pairs were selected by the RandomForest-based feature selection algorithm Boruta; the difference of the medians between the groups and a 95% confidence interval was built using the bootstrap approach.

Aggressive behavior and stress response after oxytocin administration in male Norway rats selected for different attitudes to humans.

Oxytocin (OXT) is known to influence on social behaviors, including intermale aggression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. However, there are no data on the effects of oxytocin on intermale aggression and HPA axis activity in rats selected for elimination and enhancement of aggressiveness towards humans. The aim of this study is to elucidate the role of oxytocin in expression of aggressive behavior and stress response in Norway rats selected for elimination (tame) and enhancement (aggressive) of an aggressive-defensive reaction to humans.

Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an essential role in the communication between cells and transport of diagnostically significant molecules. A wide diversity of approaches utilizing different biochemical properties of EVs and a lack of accepted protocols make data interpretation very challenging.

Scope Of Review: This review consolidates the data on the classical and state-of-the-art methods for isolation of EVs, including exosomes, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

MicroRNA-guided gene expression in prostate cancer: Literature and database overview.

Insight into the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the genes that they regulate during the progression of cancer in general and prostate cancer (PCa) in particular is one of the most important issues in current molecular biomedicine and allows for the discovery of therapeutic or diagnostic miRNA targets. The present study aimed to analyze the available data regarding the direct or indirect effects of miRNAs on the expression of the mRNAs involved in carcinogenesis and to enable updating and optimizing the selection of the corresponding targets. The present review focuses on the data related to the genes with miRNA-dependent expression during the development of PCa.

[Play Fighting in Rats, Selected for the Elimination and the Enhancement of Aggressiveness Towards Human].

As a result of long-term bidirectional selection for aggressiveness towards human, tame and aggres- sive outbred gray rat lines were established. The objective of the current work was to compare play fighting during adolescence in tame, aggressive and unselected rats. It was shown that the selection for the absence of aggression towards human is associated with longer maintenance of some juvenile play features compared to unselected rats.

[Comparative Analysis of Behavior in The Open-field Test in Wild Grey Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and in Grey Rats Subjected to Prolonged Selection for Tame And Aggressive Behavior].

The aim of this work is analysis of the open-field behavior in grey rats selected for the tame and aggressive behavior in comparison with the wild grey rats. Significant influences of the rat group factor on the 13 of 19 behavioral features studied in the open-field were found. This effect, in general, depends on existence of great differences between behaviors of the wild rats from the one hand and behaviors of the tame and aggressive rats from the other.

Immune reactivity in rats selected for the enhancement or elimination of aggressiveness towards humans.

This study analyzes immune reactivity in two lines of rats selected for the enhancement or elimination of aggressiveness toward humans. Compared to nonaggressive line, aggressive rats showed increased blood ratio of CD4(+) and CD8(+)T lymphocytes, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 level both before and after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), enhanced IgM-immune response, as well as decreased level of interleukin (IL)-1α before immunization. However, antigen administration produced IL-1α increase in aggressive rats and its decrease in nonaggressive rats compared to non-immunized rats of the same lines.

The influence of social environment in early life on the behavior, stress response, and reproductive system of adult male Norway rats selected for different attitudes to humans.

The influence of social disturbance in early life on behavior, response of blood corticosterone level to restraint stress, and endocrine and morphometric indices of the testes was studied in 2-month Norway rat males from three populations: not selected for behavior (unselected), selected for against aggression to humans (tame), and selected for increased aggression to humans (aggressive). The experimental social disturbance included early weaning, daily replacement of cagemates from days 19 to 25, and subsequent housing in twos till the age of 2months. The social disturbance increased the latent period of aggressive behavior in the social interaction test in unselected males and reduced relative testis weights in comparison to the corresponding control groups.

[The effects of prolonged selection for behavior on the stress response and Activity of the reproductive system of male Brown rats (Rattus norvegicus)].

Two Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations contrasting in behavior have been raised at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia with long-term selection for the absence or enhancement of an aggressive response towards humans. They are designated as tame and aggressive, respectively. In this work we investigated the effects of the selection on behavior, stress responsiveness, and fertility in males of the 78th generation.

[The analysis of maternal behavior in tame and aggressive rats].

Maternal behavior in rodents is associated with long-term programming of individual coping capacities in the offspring and includes a large number of components. This work was aimed to study maternal behavior in tame and aggressive gray rats selected for absence and enhancement of aggressiveness towards human. The study was carried out from 1 to 12 days of nursing at various time of day.