Tourniquet and/or Adductor Canal Block Use Confer No Additional Early Quadriceps Weakness Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of 203 Patients.

Background: Quadriceps weakness following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) delays rehabilitation and increases fall risk. The combined impact of tourniquets and adductor canal blocks (ACBs) on postoperative quadriceps strength has not been defined. This study evaluated the early effects of tourniquet and/or ACB usage on quadriceps strength following TKA.

The Cwr1 protein kinase localizes to the plasma membrane and mediates resistance to cell wall stress in .

Unlabelled: The plasma membrane is critical for the virulence of the human fungal pathogen . In addition to functioning as a protective barrier, the plasma membrane plays dynamic roles in a wide range of functions needed for virulence including nutrient uptake, cell wall synthesis, morphogenesis, resistance to stress, and invasive hyphal growth. Screening a collection of mutants identified an understudied gene that is important for invasive hyphal growth, which we have termed (Cell Wall Regulatory kinase).

Candida albicans pathways that protect against organic peroxides and lipid peroxidation.

Human fungal pathogens must survive diverse reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by host immune cells that can oxidize a range of cellular molecules including proteins, lipids, and DNA. Formation of lipid radicals can be especially damaging, as it leads to a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation that causes widespread damage to the plasma membrane. Most previous studies on antioxidant pathways in fungal pathogens have been conducted with hydrogen peroxide, so the pathways used to combat organic peroxides and lipid peroxidation are not well understood.

Sur7 mediates a novel pathway for PIP regulation in that promotes stress resistance and cell wall morphogenesis.

The human fungal pathogen can cause lethal systemic infections due to its ability to resist stress from the host and to undergo invasive hyphal growth. Previous studies showed that plasma membrane MCC/eisosome domains were important for virulence by promoting the ability of Sur7 to mediate normal cell wall morphogenesis and stress resistance. The mutant displayed abnormal clusters of PIP, suggesting that misregulation of this lipid underlies the phenotype.

Vascularized tumor-on-chip microplatforms for the studies of neovasculature as hope for more effective cancer treatments.

Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature. Multiple factors control its course. Disorders of the distribution of angiogenic agents are responsible for development of solid tumors and its metastases.

resistance to hypochlorous acid.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), commonly known as bleach, is generated during the respiratory burst by phagocytes and is a key weapon used to attack and other microbial pathogens. However, the effects of hypochlorous acid on have been less well studied than HO, a different type of oxidant produced by phagocytes. HOCl kills more effectively than HO and results in disruption of the plasma membrane.

The ζ-crystallin homolog Zta1 promotes resistance to oxidative stress.

is an important human pathogen that can cause lethal systemic infections. The ability of to colonize and establish infections is closely tied to its highly adaptable nature and capacity to resist various types of stress, including oxidative stress. Previous studies showed that four proteins belonging to the flavodoxin-like protein family of quinone reductases are needed for resistance to quinones and virulence.

Does the geriatric nutritional risk index predict complication rates and implant survivorship in revision total joint arthroplasty?

Introduction: Malnutrition is associated with poorer outcomes after revision total joint arthroplasty (rTJA), though no universal metric for assessing malnutrition in rTJA patients has been reported. This study sought to determine if malnutrition as defined by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) can independently predict short-term complication rates and re-revision risk in patients undergoing rTJA.

Methods: All patients ≥ 65 years old undergoing rTJA from 2011 to 2021 at a single orthopaedic specialty hospital were identified.

Neurogenetic identification of mosquito sensory neurons.

mosquitoes, as vectors for the malaria parasite, are a global threat to human health. To find and bite a human, they utilize neurons within their sensory appendages. However, the identity and quantification of sensory appendage neurons are lacking.

Management Principles of Massive Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty A Review of the Literature.

The management of acetabular bone loss during revision arthroplasty is a challenging problem. Not only are there a wide variety of potential defects, but the location of these defects can also drastically change the hip center of rotation, stability, and biomechanics. First, the assessment of the severity and location of bone loss preoperatively is highlighted as it is imperative to evaluate the acetabular bone stock remaining.

A spatial map of antennal-expressed ionotropic receptors in the malaria mosquito.

The mosquito's antenna represents its main olfactory appendage for detecting volatile chemical cues from the environment. Whole-mount fluorescence in situ hybridization of ionotropic receptors (IRs) expressed in the antennae reveals that the antenna might be divisible into proximal and distal functional domains. The number of IR-positive cells appear stereotyped within each antennal segment (flagellomere).

Preoperatively elevated HbA1c levels can meaningfully improve following total joint arthroplasty.

Background: Prior literature has demonstrated that diabetic (DM) patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with elevated preoperative HbA1c scores have poorer clinical outcomes. However, no literature has reported the effect of undergoing TJA on laboratory markers of glycemic control. This study sought to evaluate effect of undergoing TJA on postoperative glycemic control and outcomes.

Non-English Speakers and Socioeconomic Minorities are Significantly Less Likely to Complete Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Analysis of 16,119 Cases.

Background: The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement requires patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) completion for total knee/hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA) patients. A 90% completion rate to avoid penalties was planned for 2023 but has been delayed. Our analysis compares TKA/THA PROM completion and results across demographics.

The Association of Metabolic Syndrome on Complications and Implant Survivorship in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Morbidly Obese Patients.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes interrelated conditions such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This study sought to determine the association of MetS in morbidly obese patients (body mass index >40) on complications and clinical outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: A retrospective review was performed to include all morbidly obese patients who underwent primary elective TKA for osteoarthritis at a single academic institution.

Calcaneal reconstruction using a femoral head allograft and biologic adjuncts: A case report.

We present a case of calcaneal reconstruction after both an improvised explosive device injury and subsequent salvage procedures left the patient with a large calcaneal defect and damaged hindfoot soft tissue. A subtalar arthrodesis was performed with a femoral head allograft, where it was fused to the remaining calcaneus and superiorly through the talus, to successfully reconstruct this defect. Demineralized bone matrix, bone morphogenetic protein, and concentrated bone marrow aspirate were also added as adjuncts to promote bone remodeling.

Exploring Endothelial Expansion on a Chip.

Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature. Its malfunction leads to the development of cancers and cardiovascular diseases qualified by the WHO as a leading cause of death worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms regulating physiological and pathological angiogenesis will potentially contribute to developing more effective treatments for those urgent issues.

Surgical (over) treatment of pediatric Lyme arthritis: a need for faster Borrelia testing.

Pediatric Lyme arthritis is described but not well-characterized in urban populations. Similarities in clinical features between Lyme and septic arthritis also results in some patients with Lyme arthritis undergoing surgical treatment. The aims of this study are to (1) characterize Lyme arthritis in an urban population and (2) determine what factors predispose patients with Lyme arthritis to undergoing surgery.

Environmental impacts of mass drug administration programs: exposures, risks, and mitigation of antimicrobial resistance.

Mass drug administration (MDA) of antimicrobials has shown promise in the reduction and potential elimination of a variety of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). However, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) becoming a global crisis, the risks posed by widespread antimicrobial use need to be evaluated. As the role of the environment in AMR emergence and dissemination has become increasingly recognized, it is likewise crucial to establish the role of MDA in environmental AMR pollution, along with the potential impacts of such pollution.

Microdomain Protein Nce102 Is a Local Sensor of Plasma Membrane Sphingolipid Balance.

Sphingolipids are essential building blocks of eukaryotic membranes and important signaling molecules that are regulated tightly in response to environmental and physiological inputs. While their biosynthetic pathway has been well-described, the mechanisms that facilitate the perception of sphingolipid levels at the plasma membrane remain to be uncovered. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Nce102 protein has been proposed to function as a sphingolipid sensor as it changes its plasma membrane distribution in response to sphingolipid biosynthesis inhibition.

Comparison of Experimental Approaches Used to Determine the Structure and Function of the Class D G Protein-Coupled Yeast α-Factor Receptor.

The α-factor mating pheromone receptor (Ste2p) has been studied as a model for the large medically important family of G protein-coupled receptors. Diverse yeast genetic screens and high-throughput mutagenesis of identified a large number of loss-of-function, constitutively-active, dominant-negative, and intragenic second-site suppressor mutants as well as mutations that specifically affect pheromone binding. Facile genetic manipulation of Ste2p also aided in targeted biochemical approaches, such as probing the aqueous accessibility of substituted cysteine residues in order to identify the boundaries of the seven transmembrane segments, and the use of cysteine disulfide crosslinking to identify sites of intramolecular contacts in the transmembrane helix bundle of Ste2p and sites of contacts between the monomers in a Ste2p dimer.

Validation of Single-Outcome Questionnaire in Primary TKA and THA.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures can be used to evaluate post-operative health care quality and patient satisfaction. The Patient's Joint Perception (PJP) question gathers a single patient-reported outcome to measure how patients appraise their joint. This study compares PJP to the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) at 21 months post-operation to assess its value.

Plasma Membrane Phosphatidylinositol 4-Phosphate Is Necessary for Virulence of Candida albicans.

Phosphatidylinositol lipids regulate key processes, including vesicle trafficking and cell polarity. A recent study identified novel roles for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) in the plasma membrane of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, including polarized hyphal growth and cell wall organization. Studies in other organisms were not able to separate the roles of PIP in the plasma membrane and Golgi, but the C.

Influential Studies in Orthopaedic Platelet-Rich Plasma Research Are Recent and Consist of High Levels of Evidence: A Review of the Top 50 Most Cited Publications.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has garnered widespread and increasing attention in recent years. We aimed to characterize the most influential articles in PRP research while clarifying controversies surrounding its use and clinical efficacy and identifying important areas on which to focus future research efforts. The Science Citation Index Expanded subsection of the Web of Science Core Collection was systematically searched to identify the top 50 cited publications on orthopedic PRP research.