A computer simulation study of normal and abnormal hip joint contact pressure.

The contact pressure on 112 normal hip joints and 66 acetabular dysplastic hip joints was analysed using a three-dimensional rigid body spring model. Geometric models were made from conventional anteroposterior radiographs, with the assumption that the acetabular surface was spherical. In normal hips, the distribution of contact pressure was almost even over the joint surface, and the maximum contact pressure was relatively low.

[A case of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency discovered by urine examination].

APRT deficiency is an enzyme disorder which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The use of adenine in purine metabolism is disturbed and it accumulates in the body, where it is oxidised by xanthine oxidase to poorly insoluble 2, 8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA). The dihydroxyadenine forms stones which cause recurrent urolithiasis, frequent episodes of urinary tract infection or interstitial nephritis, and finally renal insufficiency in some cases.

Expression of the estrogen receptor in human thyroid neoplasms.

The expression and quantitation of the estrogen receptor (ER) in human thyroid tumors were examined by biochemical, immunohistochemical, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. For this study, neoplasms, adenomatous goiters and adjacent normal thyroid tissues were obtained from 35 patients which included 10 cases of papillary carcinomas, 17 cases of adenomas and 8 cases of adenomatous goiters. Regardless of the histopathological subtype, ER was detected in 19% (5/27) of the neoplastic tissues with the mean value of ER content of 5.

Ki-ras oncogene activation in transplantable rat thyroid carcinoma induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine.

We have established 17 transplantable rat thyroid carcinoma cell lines from primary thyroid tumors of rats induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) (Cancer Res. (1993) 53, 4408-4412). The present study was designed to evaluate point mutations in the murine c-Ki-ras gene of these carcinoma cell lines.

Effects of an anti-platelet drug (dilazep) in IgA nephropathy: comparison of clinical effects with renal biopsy findings.

To investigate renal biopsy findings arising in response to treatment with an anti-platelet drug in IgA nephropathy, 46 patients were treated with dilazep dihydrochloride (Dilazep), and a retrospective comparison was performed between the clinical effects and renal biopsy findings. After 6 months of treatment, 18 patients (39%) were judged to be improved if their proteinuria was ameliorated by a 25% or greater decrease with improved or persistent renal function. The group of improved patients exhibited mean decreased levels of urinary proteins in the range from 1.

Progressive activity in latent prostate carcinoma defined by argyrophilic staining of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR).

Argyrophilic staining of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was studied in 30 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasias (BPH), 17 cases of latent prostate carcinomas, 50 cases of clinical carcinomas and seven cases of metastatic lesions from prostate carcinomas. The criteria for these comparisons were the number of positive-staining dots per nucleus, the area of the dots, and a relative score determined by multiplying the number of positive-staining dots in the nuclei by the areas of the dots. Overall, there were no significant differences in these three parameters between BPH and latent carcinomas.

Angiotensin II receptor antagonist, TCV-116, prevents myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Recently, it has been suggested that angiotensin II (AII) might be associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. We investigated the preventive effect of an AII receptor antagonist, TCV-116, on the development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at 24 weeks of age through histopathological study and an AII receptor assay. Treatment with TCV-116, enalapril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ACEI), and hydralazine for 20 weeks lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly (-39 mmHg, -45 mmHg, and -45 mmHg, respectively).

Studies on antiinflammatory agents. III. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of metabolites of 4'-acetyl-2'-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)methanesulfonanilide (FK3311).

We synthesized putative metabolites of 4'-acetyl-2'-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)methanesulfonanilide (FK3311, 1), a novel antiinflammatory agent, in order to confirm their structures and also to investigate their pharmacological properties. The structures of the metabolites 2-5 were confirmed by direct comparison with the synthesized authentic compounds. We employed the following tests to assess pharmacological activities: zymosan-induced prostaglandin E2 production for in vitro activity, adjuvant-induced arthritis for antiinflammatory activity, and acetic acid-induced writhing for analgesic activity.

Immunohistochemical detection of p53 oncoprotein in human oral squamous cell carcinomas and leukoplakias: comparison with proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining and correlation with clinicopathological findings.

Forty oral squamous cell carcinomas and 20 leukoplakias were examined for expression of p53 oncoprotein using an immunohistochemical technique with BP53-12 monoclonal antibody. Positive staining was found in 21/40 (52%) of the carcinomas and 2/20 (10%) of the leukoplakias. Furthermore, comparison of p53 expression with binding of PC10 monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and degree of histological malignancy in terms of invasion and histological differentiation of carcinomas demonstrated a positive correlation in both cases.

Expression of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 proteins in prostate carcinoma.

The nm23 gene products/nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) kinase expression in prostate carcinomas and benign hyperplasias was evaluated immunohistochemically. Monoclonal antibodies against nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 proteins were prepared using the corresponding proteins fused with glutathione S-transferase as immunogens. Of the 80 cases of nonmetastatic prostate carcinoma examined, 74% (59/80) and 60% (48/80) were immunoreactive for nm23-H1 or nm23-H2 protein, respectively.

Establishment of estrogen receptor-positive transplantable rat thyroid tumor cell lines in vivo.

We established 17 transplantable rat thyroid tumor cell lines from the primary thyroid tumor of rats induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine. Among the 17 tumor cell lines established, only two of them (D1 and G1) were estrogen receptor (ER) positive. These two cell lines were characterized with respect to transplantability, histological features, ER contents and cellular localization, and expression of ER message.

Determination of acetabular coverage of the femoral head with use of a single anteroposterior radiograph. A new computerized technique.

We developed a method for the estimation of three-dimensional acetabular coverage of the femoral head with use of only an anteroposterior radiograph of the hip. This technique also allows recalculation of the corrected value for coverage at neutral pelvic tilt. Provided that the acetabulum and femoral head are spherical and congruent, the results are as accurate as those obtained with computerized tomographic reconstruction, the dose of radiation is much lower, and much less time is required for calculation.

[A case of acute hepatitis A associated with acute renal failure from the onset].

A 42-year-old female was admitted to a hospital, because of acute hepatitis A. Laboratory data were GOT 8210mU/ml. GPT 4650mU/ml, LDH 11860mU/ml, total bilirubin 4.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of estrogen receptor status in benign prostatic hypertrophy and in prostate carcinoma and the relationship to efficacy of endocrine therapy.

The levels of estrogen receptors in human benign prostatic hypertrophy and in various pathological classifications of prostate carcinoma were assessed using immunohistochemical methods. All cases of benign hypertrophy showed elevated levels of estrogen receptor, while receptor-positive cells were detected in only 48% of carcinomas, indicating a negative correlation between receptor status and malignancy. Furthermore, the prognosis for effective endocrine therapy was poor in cases where tissues demonstrated low or negative receptor levels.

Studies on antiinflammatory agents. II. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 2'-(phenylthio)methanesulfonanilides and related derivatives.

The structure of the previously reported new antiinflammatory agent (1, FK3311) was chemically modified in an attempt to find novel compounds with more potent and broader-spectrum activities. Some 2'-(phenylthio) and 2'-(phenylamino)methanesulfonanilides (2 and 3), in particular those bearing an electron-attracting substituent at the 4'-position, potently inhibited adjuvant arthritis in rats as well as collagen-induced arthritis in mice when administered orally. 4'-Carbamoyl-2'-(2,4-difluorophenylthio)methanesulfonanilide (3b), which was selected as a candidate for further development from among the compounds synthesized herein, exhibited activity in reducing arthritis in a spontaneous autoimmune disease model (MRL/lpr mice) within the dose range of 10-100 mg/kg (p.

Three-dimensional modeling of cartilage thickness in hip dysplasia.

The cartilage thickness in both normal hips and in coxarthrosis secondary to hip dysplasia was examined using a computer model. The hip cartilage thickness was calculated in three dimensions from computed tomographic images of the hip joint. In normal hip joints, the anterior cartilage was thicker than the posterior cartilage.

Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in 313 paraffin section cases of human thyroid tissue.

Three hundred and thirteen cases of human thyroid tissues, comprising 39 nodular goiters from 34 females and 5 males, 130 adenomas from 93 females and 37 males, and 144 carcinomas from 99 females and 45 males were used for the present immunohistochemical assessment of estrogen receptor (ER) expression. Thirty-three cases of follicular carcinoma, 115 cases of papillary carcinoma and 6 cases of anaplastic carcinoma were included in the malignant tumor group. Incidences of ER-positive cases were 23/39 (58.

Inhibitory effect of potassium citrate on rat renal tumors induced by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine followed by potassium dibasic phosphate.

Potassium dibasic phosphate (PDP) was administered at a concentration of 10% by weight in basal diet to unilaterally nephrectomized Wistar rats previously given 1000 ppm N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-nitrosamine (EHEN) in the diet for 2 weeks. To study the effect of alkalinization on renal mineralization, some animals concomitantly received 5% potassium citrate (PC). Feeding PDP alone promoted adenomatous hyperplasias, which were regarded as preneoplastic lesions, as well as renal cell tumors in EHEN-initiated rats, whereas the addition of PC to PDP diets reduced the promoting effect.

[Choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in infancy: a case report].

The incidence of choroid plexus papilloma is about 0.5% of all intracranial tumors, but they are only infrequently found in the third ventricle. This is a case report of choroid plexus papilloma of the third ventricle in an infant.

Chemical carcinogenesis in the thyroid gland.

Chemical carcinogens and promoters in thyroid carcinogenesis may be divided into two types, one having goitrogenic effects, the other not having these effects e.g. phenobarbital, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane.

Vimentin metaplasia in renal cortical tubules of preneoplastic, neoplastic, aging, and regenerative lesions of rats and humans.

Vimentin expression was studied immunohistochemically in renal cortical tubules of untreated male rats of various ages, rats exposed to toxins (barbital sodium, folic acid) and carcinogens (streptozotocin, N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine, barbital sodium, and in humans of various ages with or without renal epithelial tumors. Fetal, neonatal, and young adult rats did not express vimentin in renal cortical tubules. Regenerative renal tubular lesions from rats with aging nephropathy and from rats with toxic nephropathy both expressed vimentin.

Studies on antiinflammatory agents. I. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 2'-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide derivatives.

Various 2'-phenoxymethanesulfonanilide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory and analgesic activities. Some compounds bearing an electron-attracting substituent at the 4'-position strongly inhibited adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and acetic acid-induced writhing syndrome in mice without causing gastro-intestinal irritation. Among them, 4'-cyano-(FK867) and 4'-acetyl-(FK3311) 2'-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)methanesulfonanilides were selected as the candidates for further development.

Promoting effects of potassium dibasic phosphate on early-stage renal carcinogenesis in unilaterally nephrectomized rats treated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine.

The effects of potassium dibasic phosphate (PDP), potassium aluminum sulfate (PAS) and copper sulfate (CS) on early-stage renal carcinogenesis were investigated in unilaterally nephrectomized male Wistar rats after N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) administration. After feeding 1,000 ppm EHEN, or basal diet for 2 weeks and removal of the left kidney at week 3, male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 20 rats each. These groups received the following dietary treatments: 50,000 ppm PDP, 50,000 ppm PAS, 5,000 ppm CS or basal diet, respectively, for 18 weeks from weeks 3 to 20.

Immunohistochemical study of a newly defined oncofetal antigen (HGR-Ag) in tumors of the central nervous system.

The oncofetal antigen (HGR-Ag) in brain tumors was newly defined using the monoclonal antibody derived from tissue extracts of an anaplastic astrocytoma. The HGR-Ag was purified through sequential chromatography using diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 and Con-A Sepharose affinity columns. The latter method indicated that HGR-Ag is not a glycoprotein, and Western blot analysis indicated a molecular weight of 80-90 kd.

K-ras activation and ras p21 expression in latent prostatic carcinoma in Japanese men.

Twenty-three clinically silent prostatic carcinomas discovered in Japanese men at autopsy were surveyed for ras proto-oncogene mutations by mutation-specific oligonucleotide probe hybridization after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from a section of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Six of the 22 that were satisfactory amplified contained activating point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras, a significantly higher frequency than has been reported in patients with clinically advanced disease in the United States. Of the six cases with activating point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras, one had a GGT----GAT transition, four had GGT----GTT transversions, and one had both GGT----GAT and GGT----GTT mutations.