Feeding specific glutamate surge in the rat lateral hypothalamus revealed by low-flow push-pull perfusion.

Substantial evidence implicates the lateral hypothalamus (LH) in the control of ingestive behavior and previous studies have found that glutamate release within the LH increases during meals. It is not known, however, whether this effect is selective for feeding, or whether similar changes are also seen during drinking. In this work, we examined this question using low-flow push-pull perfusion which allows sampling from small tissue volumes.

Demonstration and use of nanoliter sampling of in vivo rat vitreous and vitreoretinal interface.

Purpose: An understanding of the chemical microenvironments at different locations on the retina can provide unique insights into retinal neurochemistry and pathology. The anatomical shape and the small volumes available from a spatially restricted volume greatly complicate these types of measurements. The aim of this study was to demonstrate an in vivo sampling system to probe different regions of the rat retina.

Determination of amino acids in rat vitreous perfusates by capillary electrophoresis.

In vivo determinations of amino acids are important for improving our understanding of physiological states of biological tissue function and dysfunction. However, the chemically complex matrix of different biological fluids complicates the assay of this important class of molecules. We introduce a method for characterizing the amino acid composition of submicroliter volumes of vitreous humor perfusates.