The Correlation Between RIN3 Gene Methylation and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, after Alzheimer's disease. Many individuals with PD experience cognitive impairment, significantly threatening both their physical and mental well-being. Research has shown that abnormal DNA methylation is closely linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

The association between TLR3 rs3775290 polymorphism and sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population.

Accumulating evidences have pointed out that neuroinflammation is involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), as a member of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), is known to play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses and immune responses. It was recently suggested that TLR3 was increased in the animal models of PD.

Emerging Role of Sirtuin 2 in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), the main risk factor of which is age, is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, thus presenting a substantial burden on the health of affected individuals as well as an economic burden. Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a subtype in the family of sirtuins, belongs to class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). It is known that SIRT2 levels increase with aging, and a growing body of evidence has been accumulating, showing that the activity of SIRT2 mediates various processes involved in PD pathogenesis, including aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), microtubule function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy.

Association of TLR9 polymorphisms with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population.

Previous studies have acknowledged that inflammatory reaction has implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis nowadays. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as key players in the inflammatory reaction, play a pivotal role in the PD pathogenesis and accumulating evidences have shown that TLRs are increased in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of PD. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the role of the polymorphisms of rs187084 and rs352140 in TLR9 gene with PD.

Association of TLR4 gene polymorphisms with sporadic Parkinson's disease in a Han Chinese population.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered as a multifactorial disorder involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, while previous studies point to a pivotal role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of PD. As a member of pattern recognition receptors, TLR4 plays an important role in the immune response and inflammatory responses. Growing evidences suggest that mutation of TLR4 gene may be connected with the development of PD.