Density functional theory for fractional charge: Locality, size consistency, and exchange-correlation.

We show that the exact universal density functional of integer electronic charge leads to an extension to fractional charge in an asymptotic sense when it is applied to a system made of asymptotically separated densities. The extended functional is asymptotically local and is said to be i-local. The concept of i-locality is also applicable to nuclear external potentials, and a natural association exists between the localities of a density and a set of nuclei.

Remote-Contact Catalysis for Target-Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Arrays.

Electrostatic catalysis uses an external electric field (EEF) to rearrange the charge distribution to boost reaction rates and selectively produce certain reaction products in small-molecule reactions (e.g., Diels-Alder addition), requiring a 10 MV/cm field aligned with the reaction axis.

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 confers the resistance of triple-negative breast cancer to nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel by enhancing autophagy through the dimethylation of ULK1.

Chemotherapy remains the major strategy for treating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, frequently acquired chemoresistance greatly limits the treatment outcomes. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which modulates arginine methylation, is important in chemoresistance acquisition across various cancers. The function of PRMT5 in the development of chemoresistance in TNBC is still not well understood.

DOT1L protects against podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease through phospholipase C-like 1.

Background: Podocyte injury causes proteinuria and accelerates glomerular sclerosis during diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L), an evolutionarily conserved histone methyltransferase, has been reported in preventing kidney fibrosis in chronic kidney disease models. However, whether DOT1L exerts beneficial effects in diabetes induced podocyte injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms need further exploration.

Development and validation of a mitotic catastrophe-related genes prognostic model for breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a way of cell death that plays an important role in the development of tumors. However, the exact relationship between MC-related genes (MCRGs) and the development of breast cancer is still unclear, and further research is needed to elucidate this complexity.

On-Chip Synthesis of Quasi-2D Semimetals from Multi-Layer Chalcogenides.

Reducing the dimensions of materials from three to two, or quasi-two, provides a fertile platform for exploring emergent quantum phenomena and developing next-generation electronic devices. However, growing high-quality, ultrathin, quasi2D materials in a templated fashion on an arbitrary substrate is challenging. Here, the study demonstrates a simple and reproducible on-chip approach for synthesizing non-layered, nanometer-thick, quasi-2D semimetals.

Study on the variation mechanism of Zn isotope in polluted farmland soil.

Zn isotope can help to clarify the migration, transformation and source contribution of Zn in farmland soil. However, the research on Zn isotope value of different end members in farmland soil is incomprehensive, and the variation of Zn isotope in farmland soil caused by different factors in different polluted areas is unclear, which hinders the usage of Zn isotope tracing method in farmland soil. Thus, a Pb-Zn mine polluted farmland in southwest China was selected as the research object and the end elements and farmland soil samples with different Zn contamination were systematically collected to analyse Zn content, fraction and isotopic composition.

Hypothesis paper: GDF15 demonstrated promising potential in Cancer diagnosis and correlated with cardiac biomarkers.

Background: Cardiovascular toxicity represents a significant adverse consequence of cancer therapies, yet there remains a paucity of effective biomarkers for its timely monitoring and diagnosis. To give a first evidence able to elucidate the role of Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15) in the context of cancer diagnosis and its specific association with cardiac indicators in cancer patients, thereby testing its potential in predicting the risk of CTRCD (cancer therapy related cardiac dysfunction).

Methods: Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including GDF15, was performed by utilizing data from the public repositories of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO).

Construction and optimization of a genetic transformation system for efficient expression of human insulin-GFP fusion gene in flax.

The human insulin gene modified with a C-peptide was synthesized according to the plant-preferred codon, and a fusion gene expression vector of insulin combined with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was constructed. The optimization of the flax callus culturing was undertaken, and a more efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of the flax hypocotyls was achieved. The critical concentration values of hygromycin on the flax hypocotyl development, as well as on its differentiated callus, were explored by the method of antibiotic gradient addition, and the application of antibiotic screening for the verification of positive calluses was assessed.

A Glutathione-Consuming Bimetallic Nano-Bomb with the Combination of Photothermal and Chemodynamic Therapy for Tumors: An in vivo and in vitro Study.

Background: Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) faces challenges of low catalytic ion efficiency and ROS production. We developed a ROS nano-bomb, Cu/ZIF-8@GA-Fe, to address these issues.

Methods: The nano-bomb was synthesized by doping copper into ZIF-8 and assembling Fe and gallic acid (GA).

Oxygen vacancy-rich K-MnO@CeO catalyst for efficient oxidation degradation of formaldehyde at near room temperature.

Synthesis of catalysts with high catalytic degradation activity for formaldehyde (HCHO) at room temperature is highly desirable for indoor air quality control. Herein, a novel K-MnO@CeO catalyst with excellent catalytic oxidation activity toward HCHO at near room temperature was reported. In particular, the K addition in K-MnO@CeO considerably enhanced the oxidation activity, and importantly, 99.

Mesoporous DNA-Co@C nanofibers knitted aptasensors performing onsite determination of trace kanamycin residues.

The abuse of kanamycin (KAN) poses an increasing threat to human health by contaminating agricultural and animal husbandry products, drinking water, and more. Therefore, the sensitive detection of trace KAN residues in real samples is crucial for monitoring agricultural pollution, ensuring food safety, and diagnosing diseases. However, traditional assay techniques for KAN rely on bulky instruments and complicated operations with unsatisfactory detection limits.

Transferable Optical Enhancement Nanostructures by Gapless Stencil Lithography.

Optical spectroscopy techniques are central for the characterization of two-dimensional (2D) quantum materials. However, the reduced volume of atomically thin samples often results in a cross section that is far too low for conventional optical methods to produce measurable signals. In this work, we developed a scheme based on the stencil lithography technique to fabricate transferable optical enhancement nanostructures for Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy.

Boosting Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Growth by Hydrogen-Free Ramping during Chemical Vapor Deposition.

The controlled vapor-phase synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is essential for functional applications. While chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques have been successful for transition metal sulfides, extending these methods to selenides and tellurides often faces challenges due to uncertain roles of hydrogen (H) in their synthesis. Using CVD growth of MoSe as an example, this study illustrates the role of a H-free environment during temperature ramping in suppressing the reduction of MoO, which promotes effective vaporization and selenization of the Mo precursor to form MoSe monolayers with excellent crystal quality.

Regulatory T cells protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice.

Aims/introduction: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have protected against many cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to explore the effect of Tregs on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a db/db mouse model.

Materials And Methods: Eight-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, administered 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline; the small-dose Treg group, administered 10 Tregs; the large-dose Treg group, administered 10 Tregs; and the PC group, administered 100 μg anti-CD25 specific antibody (PC61) and 10 Tregs.

Highly Confined Hybridized Polaritons in Scalable van der Waals Heterostructure Resonators.

The optimization of nanoscale optical devices and structures will enable the exquisite control of planar optical fields. Polariton manipulation is the primary strategy in play. In two-dimensional heterostructures, the ability to excite mixed optical modes offers an additional control in device design.

Charged Black-Hole-Like Electronic Structure Driven by Geometric Potential of 2D Semiconductors.

One of the exotic expectations in the 2D curved spacetime is the geometric potential from the curvature of the 2D space, still possessing unsolved fundamental questions through Dirac quantization. The atomically thin 2D materials are promising for the realization of the geometric potential, but the geometric potential in 2D materials is not identified experimentally. Here, the curvature-induced ring-patterned bound states are observed in structurally deformed 2D semiconductors and formulated the modified geometric potential for the curvature effect, which demonstrates the ring-shape bound states with angular momentum.

PSMD14 is a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor that is characterized by high malignancy and a high mortality rate, and that originates from primitive osteoblastic mesenchymal cells and is most common in rapidly growing long bones. PSMD14, also known as RPN11 or POH1, is a member of the JAMM isopeptidase family, which is able to remove the substrate protein ubiquitination label, thereby regulating the stability and function of the substrate protein. In this study, we explored the expression and potential biological significance of the PSMD14 deubiquitinating enzyme in osteosarcoma.

Effects of a UV absorber in silica-loaded resin on DLP silica fiber preform fabrication.

3D printing technologies have distinguished advantages in manufacturing arbitrary shapes and complex structures that have attracted us to use digital light processing (DLP) technology for specialty silica optical fiber preforms. One of the main tasks is to develop an appropriate recipe for DLP resin that is UV sensitive and loaded with silica nanoparticles. In this work, the effects of a UV absorber in highly silica-loaded resin on DLP printing are experimentally investigated.

The role of pyroptosis in metabolism and metabolic disease.

Pyroptosis is a lytic and pro-inflammatory form of regulated cell death characterized by the formation of membrane pores mediated by the gasdermin protein family. Two main activation pathways have been documented: the caspase-1-dependent canonical pathway and the caspase-4/5/11-dependent noncanonical pathway. Pyroptosis leads to cell swelling, lysis, and the subsequent release of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18).