Copy Number Variations in Short Tandem Repeats Modulate Growth Traits in Penaeid Shrimp Through Neighboring Gene Regulation.

Penaeid shrimp, with its genomes enriched in short tandem repeats (STRs), presents an ideal model for studying the distribution and biological functions of STRs. In this study, we systematically identified and compared STRs across multiple species, confirming a significantly higher prevalence of STRs (26-32%) in penaeid shrimp, which is markedly higher than that observed in other species, such as mammals (1.3-2.

Dual-drug loaded chondroitin sulfate embolization beads enhance TACE therapy for HCC by integrating embolization, chemotherapy, and anti-angiogenesis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health threat due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), the primary treatment for intermediate-to-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), commonly utilizes embolic agents loaded with anthracycline-based cytotoxic drugs. Post-TACE, the hypoxic microenvironment in the tumor induced by embolization stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, potentially leading to revascularization and diminishing TACE's efficacy.

Genomic selection strategies to overcome genotype by environment interactions in biosecurity-based aquaculture breeding programs.

Background: Family-based selective breeding programs typically employ both between-family and within-family selection in aquaculture. However, these programs may exhibit a reduced genetic gain in the presence of a genotype by environment interactions (G × E) when employing biosecurity-based breeding schemes (BS), compared to non-biosecurity-based breeding schemes (NBS). Fortunately, genomic selection shows promise in improving genetic gain by taking within-family variance into account.

Construction of Low-Crystallinity Three-Dimensional Flower-like Cobalt-Doped Nickel Hydroxide for High-Performance Nickel-Zinc Batteries.

The main limitations of aqueous nickel-zinc batteries are their relatively low energy density and short cycle life, which are inextricably linked to the limitations of nickel-based cathodes. In this study, a low-crystallinity flower-like cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide (α-Ni(OH)-0.2Co) is constructed by hydrothermal reaction and employed as high-energy-density cathode for aqueous rechargeable nickel-zinc batteries.

Through-Space Charge Transfer Dynamic Mechanism in V-Shaped Flexible Carbazole Aromatic Imides Dyads.

Cofacial electron donor-acceptor dyads exhibiting through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) characteristics are widely employed in the development of optoelectronic functional materials. The flexible molecular frameworks between the electron donor and acceptor components allow dynamic modulation of electronic coupling, influenced by excited-state structural relaxation or intermolecular interactions, thereby affecting the charge-transfer (CT) dynamics and the emission properties of TSCT states. In this work, we examine the TSCT dynamic processes of two electron donor-acceptor dyads, CzPhNI and CzPhPI formed by ortho-substitution of phenyl linkage with V-shaped flexible TSCT structures using carbazole as donor and naphthalimide or phthalimide as acceptor.

Liquid Crystal-Engineered Polydimethylsiloxane: Enhancing Intrinsic Thermal Conductivity through High Grafting Density of Mesogens.

The increasing power and integration of electronic devices have intensified serious heat accumulation, driving the demand for higher intrinsic thermal conductivity in thermal interface materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Grafting mesogens onto PDMS can enhance its intrinsic thermal conductivity. However, the high stability of the PDMS chain limits the grafting density of mesogens, restricting the improvement in thermal conductivity.

Quantitative Genetics of Feed-Efficiency-Related Traits for the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp in a Plant-Based Diet Environment.

Selecting shrimp strains that perform well on a plant-based diet holds promise for solving the fishmeal (FM) shortage issue, with genetic improvement of feed efficiency (FE) being a key focus. This study compared a plant-based (fishmeal-free) diet with a 25% FM diet for the Pacific whiteleg shrimp () to determine whether the FE-related traits, including residual feed intake (RFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), and daily feed intake (DFI), exhibit diet-specific genetic variations and genotype-by-diet (genotype × diet) interactions. Results showed that RFI was significantly higher under the plant-based diet treatment compared to the FM-based diet treatment (0.

SiCLAT: simultaneous imaging of chromatin loops and active transcription in living cells.

We present SiCLAT, which introduces a dCas9-dCas13d cassette into the mouse genome. This model enables the stable expression of both dCas9 and dCas13 proteins in diverse cell populations, facilitating concurrent labeling of DNA and RNA across various cell types. Using SiCLAT, we accurately labeled chromatin loop anchor interactions and associated gene transcription during myogenic differentiation.

Temperature-Robust Broadband Metamaterial Absorber via Semiconductor MOFs/Paraffin Hybridization.

The demand for temperature-robust electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials is escalating due to the varying operational temperatures of electronic devices, which can easily soar up to 100 °C, significantly affecting EMW interference management. Traditional absorbers face performance degradation across broad temperature ranges due to alterations in electronic mobility and material impedance. This study presented a novel approach by integrating semiconductor metal-organic frameworks (SC-MOFs) with paraffin wax (PW), leveraging the precise control of interlayer spacing in SC-MOFs for electron mobility regulation and the introduction of paraffin wax for temperature-inert electromagnetic properties.

Personalized neoantigen hydrogel vaccine combined with PD-1 and CTLA-4 double blockade elicits antitumor response in liver metastases by activating intratumoral CD8CD69 T cells.

Background: Liver metastasis is highly aggressive and immune tolerant, and lacks effective treatment strategies. This study aimed to develop a neoantigen hydrogel vaccine (NPT-gels) with high clinical feasibility and further investigate its efficacy and antitumor molecular mechanisms in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for the treatment of liver metastases.

Methods: The effects of liver metastasis on survival and intratumor T-cell subpopulation infiltration in patients with advanced tumors were investigated using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and immunofluorescence staining, respectively.

Tracing the source and behaviour of sulphate in karst reservoirs, using stable isotopes and Bayesian isotopic-mixing models.

Increases in sulphate concentrations in natural water bodies can lead to the deterioration of water quality. Human activities, such as coal mining and agricultural fertilisation, can generate sulphate, which can enter water bodies through surface runoff or underground pipelines. Owing to the widespread distribution of coal-bearing strata and an intensification of industrial and agricultural activities, the Pingzhai Reservoir is increasingly at risk of sulphate pollution.

Asymmetric Structural MXene/PBO Aerogels for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection.

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with low electromagnetic (EM) waves reflection characteristics are ideal materials for blocking EM radiation and pollution. Materials with low reflectivity must be constructed using materials with excellent EM waves absorption properties. However, materials simultaneously possessing both low reflectivity and excellent EMI shielding performance remain scarce, consequently, multilayer structures need to be developed.

Global Profiling of Protein Lactylation in Human Hippocampi.

Purpose: The hippocampus has long been associated with cognition and memory function, the implications of lysine lactylation (Kla), a recently identified post-translational modification (PTM), in the role of the hippocampus remain largely unexplored.

Experimental Design: An LC-MS/MS bottom-up proteomics analysis of three human hippocampal tissue samples was applied to profile the lactylation map in human hippocampi under normal physiological conditions.

Results: We identified 2579 quantifiable Class I lactylated sites in 853 proteins, of which contained four types of modification motifs.

Photocatalytic Mechanisms of Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Compounds.

Reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) has become possible by minimizing the energy gap between the first excited singlet (S) and triplet state (T), which facilitates the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Due to the small singlet-triplet energy gap, the S and T states exhibit comparable redox reactivity, leading organic TADF compounds to be potent photocatalysts. Here, we report such TADF compounds with multiple donor units designed as an efficient photocatalyst for the direct C(sp)-H carbamoylation of saturated aza-heterocycles.

Perfluoropolyether-terminated Single-ion Polymer for Enhancing Performance of PEO-based Solid Polymer Electrolyte.

Solid-state electrolytes are receiving increasing attention in lithium metal batteries due to the advantage of high energy density. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte possesses good compatibility with lithium salts. However, PEO suffers from a low lithium-ion transference number and poor high-voltage resistance, which significantly hinder its application in lithium metal batteries.

HSYA ameliorates venous thromboembolism by depleting the formation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway-dependent neutrophil extracellular traps.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released by activated neutrophils, are implicated in various medical conditions, including venous thromboembolism (VTE). To develop effective therapeutic strategies for VTE, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms involved. In this study, we explored the role of NETs in VTE pathogenesis and assessed the impact of hydroxyl safflower yellow pigment A (HSYA) treatment on VTE pathogenesis.

Suppression of non-muscle myosin II boosts T cell cytotoxicity against tumors.

Increasing evidence highlights the importance of immune mechanoregulation in establishing and sustaining tumor-specific cytotoxicity required for desirable immunotherapeutic outcomes. However, the molecular connections between mechanobiological inputs and outputs and the designated immune activities remain largely unclear. Here, we show that partial inhibition of non-muscle myosin II (NM II) augmented the traction force exerted by T cells and potentiated T cell cytotoxicity against tumors.

Experimental Study on Penetration of Smaller Inferior Vena Cava after Conical Filter Placement: Results in a Swine Model.

Objectives: Inferior vena cava (IVC) penetration is a prevalent complication following the placement of conical filters. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the penetration in smaller IVC. The objective of this study was to assess the time of penetration, the incidence of serious complications associated with penetration, and the process of IVC wall repair in the smaller IVC following the placement of a conical filter.

Transcriptomic Approach Reveals Contrasting Patterns of Differential Gene Expression during Tannin Biodegredation by in Liquid and Solid Cultures.

Tannins, one of the most common anti-nutritional factors in feed, can be effectively degraded by various enzymes secreted by (). The cultivation method of fungi significantly impacts gene expression, which influences the production of enzymes and metabolites. In this study, we analyzed the tannin biodegredation efficiency and the transcriptomic responses of in liquid and solid cultures with tannin added.

Self-Templating Engineering of Hollow N-Doped Carbon Microspheres Anchored with Ternary FeCoNi Alloys for Low-Frequency Microwave Absorption.

Rational design and precision fabrication of magnetic-dielectric composites have significant application potential for microwave absorption in the low-frequency range of 2-8 GHz. However, the composition and structure engineering of these composites in regulating their magnetic-dielectric balance to achieve high-performance low-frequency microwave absorption remains challenging. Herein, a self-templating engineering strategy is proposed to fabricate hollow N-doped carbon microspheres anchored with ternary FeCoNi alloys.

A medicine and food homology formula prevents cognitive deficits by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via activating AEA-Trpv1-Nrf2 pathway.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder frequently accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The medicine and food homology (MFH) has shown potential for treating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to provide a safe and efficient therapy for AD based on MFH.

R2R3 MYB Transcription Factor GhMYB201 Promotes Cotton Fiber Elongation via Cell Wall Loosening and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Synthesis.

Cotton fiber is the leading natural textile material, and fiber elongation plays an essential role in the formation of cotton yield and quality. Although a number of components in the molecular network controlling cotton fiber elongation have been reported, a lot of players still need to be functionally dissected to understand the regulatory mechanism of fiber elongation comprehensively. In the present study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, , was characterized and functionally verified via CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing.