Trends in uterine cancer incidence in the United States: The contribution of age, period and cohort effects.

Objective: In the U.S., uterine cancer incidence is rising, with racial and ethnic minorities experiencing the largest increases.

The Impact of Model Assumptions on Personalized Lung Cancer Screening Recommendations.

Background: Recommendations regarding personalized lung cancer screening are being informed by natural-history modeling. Therefore, understanding how differences in model assumptions affect model-based personalized screening recommendations is essential.

Design: Five Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network (CISNET) models were evaluated.

High myopia at high altitudes.

Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) increases significantly at high altitudes, and is associated with the presence and severity of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Exposure to hypobaria, hypoxia, and coldness when hiking also impacts intraocular pressure (IOP). To date, little is known about ocular physiological responses in trekkers with myopia at high altitudes.

The Benefits and Harms of Lung Cancer Screening in Individuals With Comorbidities.

Introduction: Individuals with a history of smoking and a high risk of lung cancer often have a high prevalence of smoking-related comorbidities. The presence of these comorbidities might alter the benefit-to-harm ratio of lung cancer screening by influencing the risk of complications, quality of life, and competing risks of death. Nevertheless, individuals with chronic diseases are underrepresented in screening clinical trials.

Impact of diabetes on stage I lung cancer treatment patterns and prognosis in older adults: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Diabetes is a common comorbidity in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a growing population due to increased LC screening. However, it is unknown if diabetes is associated with less aggressive NSCLC treatment and worse NSCLC outcomes. This study aimed to investigate treatment patterns and outcomes of older patients with Stage I NSCLC and diabetes.

Comparison of Stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatments for Patients Living With HIV: A Simulation Study.

Introduction: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of death for people living with HIV (PWH). Nevertheless, there are no clinical trial data regarding the management of early-stage lung cancer in PWH. Using data from large HIV and cancer cohorts we parameterized a simulation model to compare treatments for stage I NSCLC according to patient characteristics.

Cost-effectiveness of Follow-up CT for Incidental Ascending Aortic Dilatation.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of CT follow-up strategies for incidental aortic dilatation.

Materials And Methods: In this cost-effectiveness analysis, a simulation model was developed with 1 000 000 adult patients aged 55-75 years with incidentally detected dilated aortas measuring 40-50 mm. Follow-up CT strategies were evaluated for various patient age- and aortic size-based cutoffs.

Risk Model-Based Lung Cancer Screening : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

Background: In their 2021 lung cancer screening recommendation update, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) evaluated strategies that select people based on their personal lung cancer risk (risk model-based strategies), highlighting the need for further research on the benefits and harms of risk model-based screening.

The benefits and harms of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with major comorbidities: A simulation study.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a survival benefit for adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after resection of locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relative benefits and harms and optimal approach to treatment for NSCLC patients who have major comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary artery disease [CAD], and congestive heart failure [CHF]) are unclear, however.

Methods: We used a simulation model to run in-silico comparative trials of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in locoregional NSCLC in patients with comorbidities.

SCLC: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Genetic Susceptibility, Molecular Pathology, Screening, and Early Detection.

We review research regarding the epidemiology, risk factors, genetic susceptibility, molecular pathology, and early detection of SCLC, a deadly tumor that accounts for 14% of lung cancers. We first summarize the changing incidences of SCLC globally and in the United States among males and females. We then review the established risk factor (i.

Optimizing the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with comorbidities.

Veterans with locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. However, comorbidities and other factors may impact the harms and benefits of this treatment. Here, we identified the optimal indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in Veterans with NSCLC, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or coronary artery disease (CAD).

Lung cancer incidence among world trade center rescue and recovery workers.

Background: Many World Trade Center disaster (WTC) rescue and recovery workers (WTC RRWV) were exposed to toxic inhalable particles. The impact of WTC exposures on lung cancer risk is unclear.

Methods: Data from the WTC Health Program General Responders Cohort (WTCGRC) were linked to health information from a large New York City health system to identify incident lung cancer cases.

Cost-effectiveness of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic cancer patients.

Background: The 2020 National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX or neoadjuvant gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (G-nP) for borderline resectable/locally advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (BR/LA PDAC).

Aim: The purpose of our study was to compare treatment outcomes, toxicity profiles, costs, and quality-of-life measures between these two treatments to further inform clinical decision-making.

Methods And Results: We developed a decision-analytic mathematical model to compare the total cost and health outcomes of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX against G-nP over 12 years.

Risk of Cardiovascular Toxicity According to Tumor Laterality Among Older Patients With Early Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy.

Background: The long-term risk of cardiovascular outcomes from either stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) or three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) plus intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to treat early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is largely unknown. As continued adoption of SBRT accelerates, it is important to delineate unforeseen cardiovascular risks associated with treatment.

Research Question: Does the long-term risk of cardiovascular outcomes for patients with early stage NSCLC treated with either SBRT or 3DCRT plus IMRT differ by tumor laterality?

Study Design And Methods: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry linked to Medicare was analyzed to identify a sample of 3,256 patients (1,506 treated with SBRT and 1,750 treated with 3DCRT plus IMRT) with node-negative stage I or IIA NSCLC.

Cost-effectiveness Evaluation of the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation for Lung Cancer Screening.

Importance: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued its 2021 recommendation on lung cancer screening, which lowered the starting age for screening from 55 to 50 years and the minimum cumulative smoking exposure from 30 to 20 pack-years relative to its 2013 recommendation. Although costs are expected to increase because of the expanded screening eligibility criteria, it is unknown whether the new guidelines for lung cancer screening are cost-effective.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the 2021 USPSTF recommendation for lung cancer screening compared with the 2013 recommendation and to explore the cost-effectiveness of 6 alternative screening strategies that maintained a minimum cumulative smoking exposure of 20 pack-years and an ending age for screening of 80 years but varied the starting ages for screening (50 or 55 years) and the number of years since smoking cessation (≤15, ≤20, or ≤25).

Cost-Effectiveness of Follow-Up Ultrasound for Incidental Thyroid Nodules on CT.

Thyroid nodules are common incidental findings on CT. Existing professional society recommendations, based primarily on expert opinion, advise follow-up ultrasound for nodules above size cutoffs in patients of all ages. The purpose of this study was to use a simulation model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of current recommendations and of other age- and size-based follow-up strategies for thyroid nodules incidentally detected on CT.

Adjunctive probiotics after periodontal debridement versus placebo: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To comprehensively investigate the efficacy of adjunctive probiotics compared to placebo, using conventional and novel treatment outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL) were searched. Outcomes included percent change in the total number of deep sites before and after therapy, change in mean probing pocket depth (mm), percentage patients requiring additional therapy, risk for disease progression, and microbiological and immunological results.

Cost-Effectiveness of Treatment Thresholds for Subsolid Pulmonary Nodules in CT Lung Cancer Screening.

Background Guidelines such as the Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) are available for determining when subsolid nodules should be treated within lung cancer screening programs, but they are based on expert opinion. Purpose To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of varying treatment thresholds for subsolid nodules within a lung cancer screening setting by using a simulation model. Materials and Methods A previously developed model simulated 10 million current and former smokers undergoing CT lung cancer screening who were assumed to have a ground-glass nodule (GGN) at baseline.

Initiation of Somatostatin analogues for neuroendocrine tumor patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background & Aims: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are heterogeneous neoplasms. Although some have a relatively benign and indolent natural history, others can be aggressive and ultimately fatal. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) improve both quality of life and survival for these patients once they develop metastatic disease.

Cost-Effectiveness of Management Algorithms for Lung-RADS Category 4 Nodules.

Purpose: To evaluate nodule management guidelines in a simulated cohort of Lung Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) 4 nodules based on real-world data.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 100 000 patients were simulated from 151 patients with Lung-RADS 4 nodules (from January 2010 to August 2018). Each patient in the simulation was managed with each algorithm, and health outcomes were accumulated based on interventions and delays to cancer diagnosis.