Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp., Encephalitozoon spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in feral and captive pigeons in Central Europe.

Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon spp. are the most common protistan parasites of vertebrates.

Cryptosporidium mortiferum n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the species causing lethal cryptosporidiosis in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris).

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are globally distributed parasites that infect epithelial cells in the microvillus border of the gastrointestinal tract of all classes of vertebrates. Cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype I is a common parasite in North American tree squirrels.

Effect of on Gamma Delta T Cell Phenotype in Bovine Mammary Gland.

In this study, we focused analyzing γδ T cells during bovine mammary gland inflammation induced by . A mammary gland cell suspension was obtained using lavage 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after intramammary-induced infection. The proportion of lymphocytes increased during the entire week in which inflammation was present.

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Eurasian Red Squirrels ().

spp. are common protozoan pathogens in mammals. The diversity and biology of in tree squirrels are not well studied.

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria ().

spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel species adapted to nutrias ().

Multiscale Simulations Examining Glycan Shield Effects on Drug Binding to Influenza Neuraminidase.

Influenza neuraminidase is an important drug target. Glycans are present on neuraminidase and are generally considered to inhibit antibody binding via their glycan shield. In this work, we studied the effect of glycans on the binding kinetics of antiviral drugs to the influenza neuraminidase.

n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) and genetic diversity of spp. in brown rats () in the Czech Republic.

The diversity and biology of Cryptosporidium that is specific for rats (Rattus spp.) are not well studied. We examined the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp.

Description of Cryptosporidium ornithophilus n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in farmed ostriches.

Background: Avian cryptosporidiosis is a common parasitic disease that is caused by five species, which are well characterised at the molecular and biological level, and more than 18 genotypes for which we have limited information. In this study, we determined the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in farmed ostriches in the Czech Republic.

A chicken embryo model for the maintenance and amplification of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium baileyi oocysts.

Cryptosporidium is a genus of apicomplexan parasites that inhabit the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of vertebrates. Research of these parasites is limited by a lack of model hosts. This study aimed to determine the extent to which infection at the embryo stage can enhance the propagation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in chickens.

Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and Muramyl Dipeptide on Apoptosis of Bovine Mammary Gland Lymphocytes.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether apoptosis of lymphocytes is modulated by stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of or muramyl dipeptide (MDP). Cell populations were obtained by lavaging of the mammary glands 24, 48, 72, and 168 hours following intramammary induced inflammation. The portion of apoptotic lymphocytes peaked at 48 hours after treatment with LPS or MDP.

Cryptosporidium proventriculi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Psittaciformes birds.

Cryptosporidiosis is a common parasitic infection in birds that is caused by more than 25 Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. Many of the genotypes that cause avian cryptosporidiosis are poorly characterized. The genetic and biological characteristics of avian genotype III are described here and these data support the establishment of a new species, Cryptosporidium proventriculi.

An integrative taxonomic approach to reveal the status of the genus Monticelli, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) in Austria.

Species of the genus Monticelli, 1905 (Acanthocephala: Pomphorhynchidae) are obligate endoparasites infesting mostly freshwater fish. Morphological identification is challenging due to high intraspecific variations. The use of molecular analyses enabled new insights into the diversity and revealed high cryptic presence and unknown distribution patterns for various European species.

Diversity of Cryptosporidium in common voles and description of Cryptosporidium alticolis sp. n. and Cryptosporidium microti sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae).

Fecal samples from wild-caught common voles (n = 328) from 16 locations in the Czech Republic were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR/sequencing at loci coding small-subunit rRNA, Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein, actin and 70 kDa heat shock protein. Cryptosporidium infections were detected in 74 voles (22.6%).

Cryptosporidium occultus sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in rats.

Cryptosporidium parvum VF383 has been reported in humans, domesticated ruminants, and wild rats worldwide and described under several names including Cryptosporidium suis-like, based on its close phylogenetic relationship to C. suis. Unlike C.

Cryptosporidium apodemi sp. n. and Cryptosporidium ditrichi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in Apodemus spp.

Faecal samples from striped field mice (n = 72) and yellow-necked mice (n = 246) were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small-subunit rRNA, Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and actin gene sequences revealed the presence of C. parvum, C.

Improvements to the APBS biomolecular solvation software suite.

The Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) software was developed to solve the equations of continuum electrostatics for large biomolecular assemblages that have provided impact in the study of a broad range of chemical, biological, and biomedical applications. APBS addresses the three key technology challenges for understanding solvation and electrostatics in biomedical applications: accurate and efficient models for biomolecular solvation and electrostatics, robust and scalable software for applying those theories to biomolecular systems, and mechanisms for sharing and analyzing biomolecular electrostatics data in the scientific community. To address new research applications and advancing computational capabilities, we have continually updated APBS and its suite of accompanying software since its release in 2001.

The impact of high iodine intake on thyroid function in ewes and lambs.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the metabolic risk of excessive dietary iodine intake in ewes and neonatal lambs.

Design: Pregnant Šumava ewes received an experimental diet containing 3.1 mg iodine per kg of dietary dry matter in Group A (control, n=13, 6 ewes and 7 lambs) and 5.

iAPBS: a programming interface to Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS).

The Adaptive Poisson-Boltzmann Solver (APBS) is a state-of-the-art suite for performing Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatic calculations on biomolecules. The iAPBS package provides a modular programmatic interface to the APBS library of electrostatic calculation routines. The iAPBS interface library can be linked with a FORTRAN or C/C++ program thus making all of the APBS functionality available from within the application.

Infection patterns of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) by two helminth species with contrasting life styles.

The larval stages of Bolbophorus sp. (digenean) and Amirthalingamia macracantha (cestode) are frequently reported in Oreochromis niloticus in Uganda. Little, however, is known about their infection patterns.

Utilisation of iodine from different sources by sows and their progeny.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare iodine utilization from different sources by sows and their progeny and the levels of T3 and T4 in their serum.

Design: Pregnant Czech Large White × Landrace sows were fed with an experimental KPK diet (a diet for lactating sows) 14 days before parturition until weaning (at a piglet age of 28 days). In group A (n=50, 10 sows, 40 piglets) the feed was supplemented with KI (0.

Infection dynamics of Cichlidogyrus tilapiae and C. sclerosus (Monogenea, Ancyrocephalinae) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) from Uganda.

The infection dynamics of the gill monogeneans Cichlidogyrus tilapiae and C. sclerosus on Oreochromis niloticus with respect to habitat type (reservoir, stream, ponds and cages), host sex, size and seasons was determined between January and November 2008. During the study period, 45.

Parasite fauna of farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Uganda.

An intensive parasite survey was conducted in 2008 to better understand the parasite fauna occurrence, distribution and diversity in the commercial aquaculture fish species in Uganda. A total of 265 fish collected from hatcheries and grow-out systems were examined for parasites using routine parasitological techniques. The survey yielded 17 parasite species: 11 from Oreochromis niloticus and ten from Clarias gariepinus.

Adrenal glands of slaughtered bulls, heifers and cows: a histological study.

The study involved histological and immunohistochemical examinations of the adrenal glands of healthy slaughtered cattle. Glands of 13 bulls, 10 heifers and 10 cows were examined. The following histological findings were observed: Unequal thickness of connective capsule and nodular formations of the zona glomerulosa (ZG), eosinophilic granules in cells of the ZG, globoid arrangement of the zona fasciculata, nodules or pegs of cortical tissue in the medulla, mutual interlacing of superficial and deep zones of the medulla, proliferation of cortical or medullary cells into the blood vessels wall situated in the medulla and focal inflammatory infiltrates.

The parasite community of the nase Chondrostoma nasus (L. 1758) from Austrian rivers.

Between April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 191 individuals of the predominantly herbivorous fish species nase Chondrostoma nasus (L. 1758) were examined for parasites from six river sites in Austria. The following parasite taxa were recovered--Ciliata: Trichodina sp.

Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 - a new fish parasite in Austria?

During parasitological studies of the invasive round goby fish species Apollonia melanostoma (Pallas, 1814) from the Danube River in 2007 the digenean Bucephalus polymorphus Baer, 1827 was detected for the first time in Austria. Encysted metacercariae of the parasite were found on the fins, skin and gills of the fish. The occurrence of the parasite is strictly dependant on the zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771), which acts as the obligatory first intermediate host in its life cycle.