[Modern views of the role of heparin in hemostasis and regulation of enzymatic and hormonal activities].

This review is focused on the role of heparin in the maintenance of hematological homeostasis. Description of the main components of the hemostatic system is presented. The mechanism of heparin action as an anticoagulating and fibrinolytic agent are analyzed.

[Mast cells and heparin--key links in adaptive and pathological processes].

Participation of mast cells and heparin in adaptive and pathological processes is discussed with special reference to heparin pool in mast cell granules. Hypotheses explaining conversion of normal mast cells to phenotypically pathologic ones are analysed. Prospects for enhancement of adaptive abilities of the organism and approaches to the treatment of diseased organs are discussed in terms of protection and restoration of heparin cells in the mast cells.

[Problem of controls in physiology and pharmacology: psychophysiological and morphofunctional effects of chronic saline administration].

The psychophysiological and morphofunctional effects of chronic administration of saline, which is commonly used as an active control, to Wistar rats were analyzed at different levels. The active control proved to be complicated by signs of stress manifested as increased corticosterone levels, changes in the homeostatic system, blood cytometric indices, morphofunctional states of the thymus and spleen, sharp suppression of the cognitive activity, and decrease in the motivational and locomotor activities. Pain expectation developed in animals after the second saline injection in the tail-flick test--pain sensitivity sharply increased in the session prior to the injection.

[Effects of stress agents and heparin administration on hematological parameters in Wistar rats].

In chronic experiments in Wistar rats, the behavioral and hematological effects of the following stress factors were investigated: learning in complex maze and five multiple injections of the physiological saline (0.85%). Increasing of the erythrocyte volume and the contents of hemoglobin per erythrocyte in saline-induced groups and naive rats were observed after the learning.

[Features of active control used in pharmacological studies].

The effects of 5 injections of salt solution and unfractionary heparin in dose 0.36 microgram/kg (Serva, Germany 10 kDa, activity 180 U/mg) have been studied in Wistar rats. It was found that two injections of salt solution were enough to form a stable defensive state in all rats which was manifested as an expectation of pain in tail-flick testing.

[Psychostimulation of Wistar rats after intraperitoneal administration of high-molecular heparin].

The influence of repeated administration of heparin in learning was studied in Wistar rats (n = 20). High-molecular heparin (Serva, Germany, 10 kDa, activity of 180 IU/mg) was intraperitoneally injected daily in the dose of 64 IU/kg in a volume of 0.3 ml during 5 days prior to 4-link freechoice operant conditioning in a complex maze.

[Comparative study of anticoagulants obtained from various extracts of Paeonia anomala].

We have established that extracts prepared from various parts of the root of Paeonia anomala (bark and wood) have anticoagulant activity as indicated by the criterion of longer recalcification time of the normal rat blood plasma. This anticoagulant activity is due to the presence of heparin-like fragments in the preparations, which follows from the results of biochemical analysis and results of studies on the functional state of the mast cell population. Preparations from the peony root bark retain their anticoagulant properties in the circulatory system for 1.

[Heparin-piracetam complex and its effect on blood and blood circulation].

High-molecular-weight heparin-piracetam complex (1:1 w/w ratio) was obtained in vitro. The complex, its components, or physiological solution were introduced intraperitoneally in rats (0.3 ml, 0.

[Various aspects of the effect of heparin-serotonin complex on blood and blood flow].

High-molecular heparin-serotonin complex (3:1 weight ratio) was obtained in vitro. The complex, its components, and heparin-serotonin mixture were introduced intraperitoneally in rats, and the resulting effects were registered 10, 30, and 60 min later. The complex had anticoagulant and lytic activities distinct from those of plasmin.

[Low-molecular heparin complex formation with the blood coagulation proteins--thrombin and fibrinogen].

It has been found that low molecular heparin (LMH) forms complexes with fibrinogen and thrombin. The formation of the heparin-fibrinogen and heparin-thrombin complexes has been testified by cross-linked electrophoresis. The reaction of complex formation was carried out at variable weight ratios of the components, i.

[Fibrinolytic complexes of low-molecular heparin and acetylsalicylic acid].

Complexes of low-molecular heparin with acetylsalicilic acid was formed in vitro when the weight ratio of components was 1:1, 1:5 and 5:1, respectively. All the complexes possessed fibrinolytic and anticoagulating activities. The complex possessed the highest activity when the ratio of heparin to acetylsalicilic acid was 5:1.

[Interaction of heparin with defensin, a nonenzymatic cationic protein from neutrophils].

Heparin was shown to form complexes with cation non-enzymatic protein defensin from neutrophils. The complex obtained in vitro did not affect the anticoagulation and fibrinolytic properties of blood, whereas defensin decreased the content of heparin, rates of non-enzymatic fibrinolysis and total fibrinolytic activity while heparin stimulated the anticoagulation activity of blood plasma. Interaction of heparin with defensin appears to be involved in protective mechanism responsible for neutralization of both the heparin anticoagulation activity and the defensin properties related to inhibition of nonenzymatic fibrinolysis.

[A comparative study of the action of preparations of high- and low-molecular weight heparin on hemostatic indices in vitro and in their intravenous administration to animals].

Low-molecular heparin preparations (a Soviet sample and that manufactured by the Celsus Company) in vitro, added to bovine plasma possess a lower antifactor-II activity, less time of recalcification and partial thromboplastin time as compared to high-molecular heparin of equal concentration (mg/ml) or dose (Units/ml). After intravenous injection of low-molecular heparin preparations to animals in a dose of 50 Units/200 g bw the time of hemorrhage was far less, while anticoagulant activity was lower than in animals given the same dose of high-molecular heparin. Both injection of low-molecular and high-molecular heparin results in a rise of the intensity of non-enzymatic fibrinolysis in the animals' blood plasma.

[The blood anticoagulant system in rats perorally administered a heparin-acetylsalicylic acid complex].

Heparin/acetylsalicylate complexes (1:9 and 10:1) were obtained in vitro. Single or chronic (7-8 days) per os administration to white rats of 0.1% solution of the heparin/acetylsalicylate complex (0.

[Process of fibrin depolymerization and non-enzymatic fibrinolysis in rabbits receiving atherogenic rations with addition of antioxidants].

The rabbits were kept on atherogenic ration for 2 months. This diet contained 0.3 mg/kg of cholesterol.

[Complex compounds of heparin with blood proteins and their natural inhibitors in splenectomy in animals].

In depression of the function of the anticoagulating system after splenectomy in rats the blood serum heparin level diminishes, the fibrinogen concentration increases, the total and nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity decreases, and the activity of some heparin complexes (adrenaline-heparin and serotonin-heparin) increases. A low-molecular protein inhibiting nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity was isolated from blood plasma of splenectomized animals, some of its properties were studied. No such protein inhibitor was found in blood plasma of false-operated and intact rats.

[Effect of defensin on the process of healing of aseptic skin wound and on the permeability of blood vessels].

It was shown, for the first time, that polypeptide of rabbit's neutrophils, defensin (D) has the ability to accelerate the reparation process (RP). D was infused intramuscular to rats (125 micrograms/kg) 2 days before the operation, then the skin on the back was dissected through all layers (the length of the wound was constant-10 mm). The rate of the RP was estimated by the changes of the wound length on 2, 5, 7, 13-15 days after the operation.

[Function of the anticoagulant system when difensin is administered into the blood stream].

I. v. administration of defensin, nonenzyme cationic protein consisting of some peptides, to the rats with either activation or depression of anticoagulating system produced a moderate decrease of anticoagulating and fibrinolytic properties of the blood and did not intensify the depression of anticoagulating system.