Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Neuroregeneration: A Systematic Review.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) show promise in various medical domains, including medical imaging, precise diagnoses, and pharmaceutical research. In neuroscience and neurosurgery, AI/ML advancements enhance brain-computer interfaces, neuroprosthetics, and surgical planning. They are poised to revolutionize neuroregeneration by unraveling the nervous system's complexities.

Student advanced trauma management and skills (SATMAS): a validation study.

Introduction: Despite trauma accounting 9% of global mortality, it has been demonstrated that undergraduate trauma teaching is inadequate nationally and worldwide. With COVID-19 exacerbating this situation, a scalable, accessible, and cost-effective undergraduate trauma teaching is required.

Methods: Our Continual Professional Development United Kingdom (CPUDK)-accredited University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB) Major Trauma Service (MTS) affiliated programme consisted of seven biweekly pre-recorded sessions that were delivered online through the Moodle educational platform to University of Birmingham students.

Surgeon views regarding the adoption of a novel surgical innovation into clinical practice: systematic review.

Background: The haphazard adoption of new surgical technologies into practice has the potential to cause patient harm and there are many misconceptions in the decision-making behind the adoption of new innovations. The aim of this study was to synthesize factors affecting a surgeon's decision to adopt a novel surgical innovation into clinical practice.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to obtain all studies where surgeon views on the adoption of a novel surgical innovation into clinical practice have been collected.

Study on the Quality, Relevance, and Comparability of YouTube Videos Expressing Stroke and Its Consequences From Various Sources.

Background and objective Stroke-related deaths have been one of the major causes of death worldwide due to its rising risk factors. As a result, several people rely on YouTube as a great source of information on stroke without knowing the genuineness of the content. This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of the information on stroke uploaded on the YouTube platform using the Global Quality score (GQS) and DISCERN score (DS), respectively.

National evaluation of trauma teaching for students (NETTS).

Despite the shift towards consultant-led care, many patients with trauma are still seen by junior doctors. Previous research has demonstrated that junior doctors feel unprepared to work in acute care but there is a paucity of recent research in trauma specifically. Thus, a national study is required to investigate the current state of undergraduate trauma teaching and identify specific areas for improvement.

Development of microscopic polyangiitis following idiopathic pleuroparenchymal l fibroelastosis: A case report.

Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, which is characterised by pleural fibrosis and subjacent parenchymal fibroelastosis of the upper lobes. Herein, we present a case of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) following PPFE. The patient had abnormal shadows on chest radiographs 15 years before the onset of MPA, and the patient was diagnosed with PPFE.

Evaluation of the ocular surface in asymptomatic glaucoma patients on topical medications and following trabeculectomy - A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: This present prospective, cross-sectional study aims to comprehensively evaluate the ocular surface in asymptomatic patients with diffuse blebs after trabeculectomy versus chronic anti-glaucoma medication use and compare it with the age-matched normal population.

Methods: Objective clinical evaluation was done by tear film break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer's test (ST) in the three groups-trabeculectomy >6 months with a diffuse bleb (Wurzburg bleb classification score ≧10), chronic anti-glaucoma medication (AGM >6 months) group, and normal population. In all groups, tear film osmolarity was checked with the TearLab device (TearLab Corp.

A case of systemic lupus erythematosus having concurrent Evans syndrome and acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.

An 18-year-old Japanese woman with systemic lupus erythematosus experienced dyspnoea, headache, tinnitus, and purpura for 2 weeks and was admitted to our hospital. The patient had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary immune thrombocytopenia 8 years before and treated with high-dose prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. Since the blood test on admission showed haemolytic anaemia with a positive direct Coombs test and anti-glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibodies, the patient was initially diagnosed with Evans syndrome (ES).

Nationwide clinical and epidemiological study of large-vessel vasculitis in Japan in 2017.

Objective: We conducted a nationwide epidemiological study to estimate the number of patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) in Japan and to describe the clinical characteristics of these patients.

Methods: The first survey was designed to estimate the number of patients with TAK and GCA who were treated at medical institutions in Japan in 2017. The second survey was designed to collect data on the clinical characteristics of the patients who were reported in the first survey.

Effect of Deposition and Protease Digestion on the Ex Vivo Activity of Antimicrobial Peptide-Coated Contact Lenses.

A clinical study of antimicrobial contact lenses containing the cationic peptide Mel4 was conducted. The few adverse events that occurred with this lens occurred on or after 13 nights of wear. The current study examined whether the Mel4 contact lenses lost activity during wear and the mechanism of this loss.

Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Interleukin Genes with Microbial Keratitis in a South Indian Population.

Background: To examine the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin (IL) genes and keratitis and its clinical manifestations.

Methods: SNPs in , , , and were analysed. Differences in frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes between cases and controls as well as associations between SNPs and clinical variables were calculated by χ2 tests with odds ratios.

Changes in the tear film and meibomian gland morphology between preclinical dry eye and normal subjects represented by ocular surface disease index scores.

Tear film and MG morphology play an essential role in detecting dry eyes and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD). Previous studies have reported these changes in cases diagnosed with dry eyes. However, it is important to study these changes among subjects with symptoms of dry eyes without signs.

Comparisons between US norm-based two-component and Japanese norm-based three-component SF-36 summary scores in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Objectives: We compared the US norm-based two-component vs. Japanese norm-based three-component summary scores of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: One hundred fourteen Japanese SLE patients were studied.

Prevalence and Patterns of Refractive Errors in Children and Young Adults in an Urban Region in South India: the Hyderabad Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and associated risk factors for myopic refractive errors in children and young adults from the urban region of Hyderabad, South India.

Methods: Four thousand sixty-five (4,065) participants aged 6-22 years were enrolled and examined in this cross-sectional study conducted from October 2013 to January 2015. Participants were enrolled from a random sample of schools and universities in regions representative of urban Hyderabad.

Biocompatibility and Comfort during Extended Wear of Mel4 Peptide-Coated Antimicrobial Contact Lenses.

(1) Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Mel4 antimicrobial contact lenses (MACL) on the ocular surface and comfort during extended wear. (2) Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-masked, contralateral clinical trial was conducted with 176 subjects to evaluate the biocompatibility of contralateral wear of MACL. The wearing modality was 14-day extended lens wear for three months.

Visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy human eyes assessed using an automated ocular photosensitivity analyser: a step towards translation of a clinical tool for assessing photophobia.

Purpose: To evaluate the visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy eyes, thereby providing a normative dataset that will lead to a better understanding of diseases causing photophobia.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Emmetropes whose visual acuity was better than 0.

Effect of Antimicrobial Contact Lenses on Corneal Infiltrative Events: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To determine whether Mel4-coated antimicrobial contact lenses (MACLs) can reduce the incidence of corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) during extended wear.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-masked, single-center, contralateral, extended contact lens wear clinical trial was conducted with 176 subjects. Each participant was randomly assigned to wear a MACL in one eye and an uncoated control contact lens in the contralateral eye or an extended-wear biweekly disposable modality for 3 months.

The utility of liver transplantation to treat acute liver failure caused by adult-onset Still's disease: case reports.

Purpose: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is an inflammatory condition commonly complicated by mild liver dysfunction. However, severe liver failure is rarely reported. We report three cases of severe acute hepatic failure (ALF) associated with AOSD.

Ocular microbiota and lens contamination following Mel4 peptide-coated antimicrobial contact lens (MACL) extended wear.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Mel4 antimicrobial peptide-coated contact lenses (MACL) on the microbiota of the conjunctiva and lenses during three months of extended wear.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-six participants were recruited into a randomised, contralateral, double masked, biweekly extended wear MACL and uncoated control lens trial. At the one month and 3-month visit, the conjunctival microbiota was sampled using sterile cotton swabs and contact lenses were collected aseptically.

Polymerase-chain reaction testing to prevent hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Shinjuku, an epicenter in Tokyo: The Tokyo Women's Medical University model.

Hospital-acquired severe acute respiratory virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a healthcare challenge. We hypothesized that polymerase chain reaction testing of symptomatic triaged outpatients and all inpatients before hospitalization in Shinjuku, a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epicenter in Tokyo, using the Tokyo Women's Medical University (TMWU) model would be feasible and efficient at preventing COVID-19. This retrospective study enrolled 2981 patients from March to May 2020.

Association of methotrexate use and lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Results from a Japanese multi-institutional retrospective study.

Objectives: To investigate the risk factors and clinical characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We enrolled patients with RA aged ≥20 years who visited the participating hospitals between April 2011 and July 2011. We investigated the risk factors for LPD using a Cox proportional hazard model and described pathological features and vital prognosis of LPD in patients with RA.

Efficiency of an Integrated Apex Locator in Determining Working Length in Various Irrigating Solutions: An Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the accuracy of VDW Gold (VDW, Munich, Germany) integrated apex locator (IAL) and Root ZX Mini (J. Morita Corp., Kyoto, Japan) in two different irrigating solutions.

Risk Factors for Contact Lens-Related Microbial Keratitis and Associated Vision Loss in a South Indian Population.

Objectives: To identify risk factors associated with contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CL-MK) and subsequent vision loss in a south Indian population.

Methods: A retrospective study of medical records at the LV Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad, India, of patients diagnosed with CL-MK and of controls who had no history of corneal inflammation during contact lens wear was undertaken. Variables such as demographic data, contact lens wear details, duration of the event, visual acuity, epithelial defect and infiltrate size, and microbiology of the cornea during the event were collected.