[Treatment options for enormous carotid thrombus as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection].

In SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with corresponding neurological symptoms the presence of carotid bifurcation macrothrombus should always be considered. Hypercoagulopathy caused by viral endotheliitis, systemic inflammation and cytokine storm play an important role in its development. Here we present two patients treated with different treatment strategies because of carotid bifurcation macrothrombus as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study of soil-plant (potato and beetroot)-animal cycle of nutritive and hazardous minerals in a rabbit model.

Potato and beetroot were grown on soils previously treated with heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement had a high concentration in both potato and beetroot [cadmium (Cd) 3.7 and 55.

Complex study of the physiological role of cadmium. IV. Effects of prolonged dietary exposure of broiler chickens to cadmium.

A 274-day long cadmium (Cd) feeding trial was carried out with broiler cockerel chickens. The diet of the control group (Cd-0, n = 6) contained no added Cd, whereas to the diet of group Cd-25 and group Cd-75 (n = 10 each) 25 ppm and 75 ppm Cd was added, respectively, in the form of CdSO4. The chickens were subjected to examinations described in detail earlier (Bokori et al.

Complex study of the physiological role of cadmium. III. Cadmium loading trials on broiler chickens.

Cadmium (Cd) loading trials were conducted on a total of 110 (3 x 10 and 4 x 20) broiler chickens prereared for 21 days. The control chickens received no cadmium, while chickens in the six treatment groups were given different doses of Cd as an aqueous solution of CdSO4 administered either into the crop or mixed in the feed. The chickens were kept in a climatized animal house and treated usually for 3-5 weeks (maximum 68 days), with the exception of group Cd-75 chickens which were treated up to 239 days of age.

Haemodynamic and echocardiographic findings after aortoventriculoplasty.

Aortoventriculoplasty (AVP) is an established operative procedure for the enlargement of different types of severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Between 1974 and 1985 75 aortoventriculoplasties were carried out in 72 patients ranging from 5 to 34 years of age. Three patients had to be reoperated upon due to significant right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, outgrown prosthesis, and dissecting aortic aneurysm.

Aortoventriculoplasty for different types of left ventricular outflow tract obstructions.

Since the first clinical application of aortoventriculoplasty for tunnel subaortic stenosis in 1974 the indication for this method was extended to other types of left ventricular outflow tract stenoses (LVOTO). The operative technique consists of enlarging both the left and right ventricular outflow tracts and inserting an aortic prosthetic valve. 47 operations have been performed in patients with various types of LVOTO: 8 narrow annulus, 23 diffuse subaortic stenosis (multiple level stenosis), 9 complex forms of tunnel subaortic stenosis (Shone complex) 3 outgrown prosthesis, 4 obstructive idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.

[Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in complete transposition of the great arteries (author's transl)].

Pulmonary vascular disease and heart failure are the two major problems in complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with increased pulmonary flow. Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease was observed in patients with complete TGA and increased flow (3.6%) as well as in those without increased pulmonary flow (3.

[The "steal" syndrome and the development of pulmonary arterio-venous shunt after Glenn and/or Fontan operations (author's transl)].

18 patients with superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (Glenn) anastomosis and 7 patients with right atrium-pulmonary artery (Fontan) conduit operation were investigated by selective angiography, oximetry and contrast echocardiography. 11 patients with Glenn anastomosis (61.1%) developed a "steal" syndrome in 4 11/12 to 9 7/12 years postoperatively.

[Reconstruction of underdeveloped right ventricle and tricuspid hypoplasia (author's transl)].

Total correction of underdeveloped right ventricle related to tricuspid hypoplasia has been performed in 6 patients at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery University Göttingen. In 5 patients reconstruction of a four-chamber-four-valved heart could be accomplished. 1 patient with a poor result after Fontan's operation, performed one year previously, showed a significant growth in size of the hypoplastic right ventricle in the postoperative angiogram, but died 14 hours after reoperation.

Fontan procedure and surgical modification in tricuspid atresia.

Nineteen patients with tricuspid atresia and reduced lung perfusion (valvular-and/or subvalvular pulmonary stenosis, transposition of the great arteries and/or single atrium) were operated in the period 1975--1979. The surgical procedures employed varied according to the additional cardiac defects. The age of the patients was between 2 and 18 years.

Aortoventriculoplasty for tunnel subaortic stenosis and other obstructions of the left ventricular outflow tract. Clinical and hemodynamic results.

A new therapeutic concept of enlarging the outflow tracts of both ventricles with a patch and inserting an aortic prosthesis has been developed for the treatment of tunnel subaortic stenosis. This operation has been applied clinically since June 1974 on several types of obstruction in the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Twenty-one operations have been performed on 20 patients under the age of 18 years, with an overall mortality of 24% and no late deaths.

[Hemodynamic results of surgery for congenital supravalvular aortic stenoses (author's transl)].

Supravalvular aortic stenosis is either a syndrome combined with typical face characteristics mental retardation and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis or it occurs as an isolated congenital heart defect. The diagnosis was confirmed in 137 patients by means of catheterization and angiocardiography; 35 pediatric and 10 adult patients were considered to be candidates for corrective surgery because of the severity of their disease. Age varied from 3 to 32 years.

[Corrected transposition of the great arteries: surgical treatment of associated cardiac defects (author's transl)].

Corrected transposition of the great arteries is often associated with other cardiac anomalies. We report our experience with the correction of the associated cardiac defects in 13 cases: ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension (5 cases), ventricular septal defect with obstruction of pulmonary outflow tract (5 cases), obstruction of pulmonary outflow tract (2 cases), ostium primum defect (1 case). The possible surgical approaches for repair of the cardiac anomalies are described and the results of the operative correction are communicated.

Results of aortoventriculoplasty in 21 consecutive patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Results of aortoventriculoplasty (AVP) are reported in 21 patients with various types of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The concept of AVP is based on creating a surgical aortoseptal defect which is patched to provide the largest possible outflow tract to the left ventricle. Lesions consisted of isolated diffuse fibromuscular subaortic stenosis in six patients, diffuse subaortic stenosis and associated other cardiovascular anomalies in five, hypoplastic aortic anulus in two, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) in two, and stenosis of a previously implanted aortic valvular prosthesis in three patients.

[Supporting the pumpfunction of the right atrium. A new therapeutic concept after physiological repair of tricuspid atresia (author's transl)].

A new indication for the External Conterpulsation (ECP) is demonstrated. Due to the venous augmentation a "pulse wave" is created in the V. cava inferior and in the right atrium and the ECP acts as a "peripheral pumpventricle", thus increasing pulmonary blood flow and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure.

[The portacaval anastomosis (author's transl)].

All patients treated in the authors' clinic for portal hypertension from 1958 to 1975 are reviewed and the problems encountered with portacaval anastomoses are explained with special reference to encephalopathy and hepatic failure. Intrahepatic block was recorded in 88% of 722 patients. Portacaval anastomoses were constructed in 292 cases, splenorenal anastomoses in 175, and mesenterico-caval anastomoses in 12.

Aortoventriculoplasty: a new technique for the treatment of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.

Aortoventriculoplasty is a new method of treatment for left ventricular outflow tract obstructions. The concept is based on creating a surgical defect which is patched in such a way as to provide the largest possible outflow to the left ventricle. The incision of the aorta continues down as far as necessary, with the right ventricular wall, the aortic ring, and the septum being cut.

[Ventricular septal defect associated with fibrous subvalvular aortic stenosis: problems in the diagnosis and in the surgical management (author's transl)].

Only 9 of more than 900 operated patients with ventricular septal defects suffered from this rare combination. The problems of the diagnosis are discussed. Only in one case this diagnosis was made praeoperatively, in 6 cases intraoperatively and in two cases only postoperatively.

Divalent ions and myocardial function during cardiopulmonary by-pass (CPB). Changes of total calcium, ionized calcium, and magnesium in plasma.

In 17 patients who underwent openheart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass using heparinized fresh blood for priming the heart-lung machine the following investigations were done: Blood samples taken at different periods of surgery were assayed for total calcium (Catot), ionized calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg), hemoglobin, total pasma proteins, and the acid-base-status. Considering the different kinds of cardiopulmonary bypass the patients were divided into three groups: In the first group the results ofsurgical procedure with and without hemodilution perfusion were compared. During hemodilution perfusion Catot decreased markedly whereas Ca++ remained nearly constant.